议程与习惯性反应对学习时间分配的影响：来自眼动的证据

采用眼动记录技术,操作三种词对位置,探讨议程与习惯性反应对学习时间分配的影响。实验一设置无时间限制条件,结果发现,20名大学生被试均优先选择左边的项目,项目的自定步调学习时间不存在词对位置效应。结果表明,被试的习惯性反应影响项目选择,不影响自定步调学习时间。实验二设置有时间限制条件,结果发现,20名大学生被试均优先选择容易项目并分配更多的时间学习容易项目,且容易项目的选择存在词对位置效应。结果表明,议程驱动主导被试的项目选择和自定步调学习时间,但不能完全消除习惯性反应对项目选择的影响。     

关于日间手术模式的研究及应用进展

日间手术最早始于英国,指在1个工作日内完成患者入院、手术以及出院,该模式在欧美国家得到广泛接受并推广.安全开展日间手术必须具备良好的设备条件,同时拥有包括手术医师、麻醉师及专业护士在内的合格规范的日间手术团队,并在患者选择、术前准备与评估、麻醉与围手术期镇痛、术后恶心呕吐预防控制、康复与离院标准、随访与再入院等各方面遵循相应地规范性要求,从而最大程度地保障医疗安全与患者利益.日间手术模式正符合我国当前医改对“安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务”这一目标的要求,近年来也日益受到我国临床工作者的重视.     

中年人睡眠相关行为与高血压关系的病例对照研究

为探讨中年人睡眠相关行为与高血压发病风险之间的关系。本研究采用1：1匹配的病例对照研究法;资料收集方法采用问卷调查法;资料处理分析采用t检验及多元条件Logistic回归模型分析法。结果显示中年人病例组与对照组睡眠质量存在显著性差异（t=6．19,P〈0．05）。（1）睡眠相关行为（每日睡眠不足、夜间睡眠不足、睡眠时点延迟、睡眠质量差、入睡困难、每周入睡困难次数增加及打鼾等因素）多元条件Logistic回归模型的OR值和95％CI分别为[（OR=5．07,95％CI：3．12～8．21）;（OR=5．57,95％CI：3．43～9．04）;（OR=2．27,95％CI：1．49～3．47）;（OR=2．17,95％CI：1．60～2．94）;（OR=3．36,95％CI：1．47～7．69）;（OR=1．55,95％CI：1．08～2．24）;（OR=2．69,95％CI：1．86～3．88）]。（2）适当午睡为（OR=0．85,95％CI：0．74～0．98）。（3）早起与否（OR=1．40,95％CI：0．87～2．20）。因此（1）中年人睡眠相关行为与高血压发病密切相关,每日睡眠不足、夜间睡眠不足、睡眠时点延迟、睡眠质量差、入睡困难、每周入睡困难次数增加及打鼾等因素可能为高血压发病的危险因素;（2）中年人适当午睡可能是高血压发病的保护性因素;（3）是否早起与高血压发病关系尚不清晰。     

中美辅助生殖技术伦理规范的比较研究

人类辅助生殖技术给不孕不育症患者带来了福音,但在一定程度上改变了人类的自然生殖过程,同时也为医务工作人员在实施该项技术的过程中增添了新的伦理困惑.通过比较研究,拟从伦理法规制定机构、单一精子供应上限、精子库精源、受者范围、捐献目的、捐献方式等对中美两国在人类辅助生殖技术方面伦理规范的差异进行阐述,为我国提高此项技术的伦理审查能力、增强政策研究、保证伦理监督的公平和客观提供科学合理的借鉴.     

Synchronous and time-lagged effects between occupational self-efficacy and objective and subjective career success: Findings from a four-wave and 9-year longitudinal study

We integrated research on the dimensionality of career success into social-cognitive career theory and explored the positive feedback loop between occupational self-efficacy and objective and subjective career success over time (self-efficacy → objective success → subjective success → self-efficacy). Furthermore, we theoretically accounted for synchronous and time-lagged effects, as well as indirect reciprocity between the variables. We tested the proposed model by means of longitudinal structural equation modeling in a 9-year four-wave panel design, by applying a model comparison approach and indirect effect analyses (N = 608 professionals). The findings supported the proposed positive feedback loop between occupational self-efficacy and career success. Supporting our time-based reasoning, the findings showed that unfolding effects between occupational self-efficacy and objective career success take more time (i.e., time-lagged or over time) than unfolding effects between objective and subjective career success, as well as between subjective career success and occupational self-efficacy (i.e., synchronous or concurrently). Indirect effects of past on future occupational self-efficacy via objective and subjective career success were significant, providing support for an indirect reciprocity model. Results are discussed with respect to extensions of social-cognitive career theory and occupational self-efficacy development over time.     

睡眠问题在创伤后应激障碍各症状间的独特作用：基于交叉滞后网络分析模型

借助交叉滞后网络的分析方法, 探讨睡眠问题在创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的症状系统中与其他症状的格兰杰因果关系。以经历舟曲泥石流的1460名儿童青少年为研究对象, 在灾后3, 15和27个月对其PTSD症状进行测量。交叉滞后网络分析结果显示：3到15个月时的睡眠问题的发出预期影响最高; 而15到27个月时与他人疏离和线索引发生理反应的发出预期影响最高。结果表明了睡眠问题对PTSD症状影响的时间特异性, 并为儿童青少年的PTSD干预方案和诊断模式提供了启示。     

Daily manifestations of career adaptability: Relationships with job and career outcomes

Most research on career adaptability has examined the construct as an individual differences variable and neglected that it may vary within an individual over a short period of time. In two daily diary studies, the author investigated the relationships of career adaptability and its four dimensions (concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) to their daily manifestations as well as daily job and career outcomes. Both Study 1 (N = 53) and Study 2 (N = 234) demonstrated substantial within-person variability in employees' behavioral expressions of career adaptability across five work days. Results further showed that daily career adaptability and daily confidence positively predicted daily task and career performance, as well as daily job and career satisfaction. Daily control positively predicted daily task performance, as well as daily job and career satisfaction. Daily concern positively predicted daily career performance and satisfaction, and daily curiosity positively predicted daily career satisfaction.     

A metasynthesis of published case studies through Lacan's L‐schema: Transference in perversion

Transference in perversion is characterized by specific problems such as a defiant and polemic attitude, erotic transference, projections, and aggression. Such transference poses particular problems in the treatment of perversion and might render analytical work with these patients impossible. The authors propose that Lacan's L‐schema can contribute to separating productive from counterproductive aspects of transference as it distinguishes between an Imaginary and a Symbolic dimension in transference. In this meta‐synthesis of 11 published case studies on sexual perversion, patterns of transference are analysed. On the Imaginary dimension, the authors found that patients with perversion tend to (un)consciously engage the analyst in a relationship characterized by identification, fusion and rivalry. On the Symbolic dimension, they found that perverse patients are able to question their motives, lapses, symptoms, and subjective identity. The thematic analysis revealed the importance of the position of the analyst in this work, which is described within the L‐schema as being the representative of the otherness in the Other. Implications for clinical practice and recommendations for further research are outlined.     

Individual Differences in Emotional Mimicry: Underlying Traits and Social Consequences

Mimicry, the imitation of the nonverbal behaviour of others, serves to establish affiliation and to smoothen social interactions. The present research aimed to disentangle rapid facial reactions (RFRs) to affiliative emotions from RFRs to nonaffiliative emotions from a trait perspective. In line with the Mimicry in Social Context Model by Hess and Fischer, we expected that only the former are mimicry responses indicative of underlying social relating competence and predictive of social satisfaction, whereas the latter superficially resemble mimicry responses and are driven by social relating incompetence and have opposite effects on social satisfaction. Further, we assumed that social relating competence would moderate the relationship between stable individuals' tendencies to show (mal)adaptive RFRs and social satisfaction. To test these hypotheses, 108 participants first completed scales measuring social relating competence, then participated in a mimicry laboratory task and finally evaluated their naturally occurring social interactions for 10 days. Affiliative RFRs to sadness were related to proximal indices of social relating competence and predicted positive social interactions, whereas nonaffiliative RFRs to disgust were related to social relating incompetence and predicted negative social interactions. By contrast, neither affiliative RFRs to happiness nor nonaffiliative RFRs to anger were linked to proximal indices of social relating competence, and both RFRs were only (dys)functional for interaction quality in less social relating‐competent individuals. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology