初中生学业自我效能、学习动机与学业成绩的关系

本研究使用学业自我效能量表和学习动机量表对初中生进行测量 ,并对测量结果与学业成绩间的关系进行了分析。结果发现 :学生学业自我效能、学习动机和性别是学业成绩的良好预测变量源 ,其中以学业自我效能的效应最为明显 ;学习动机与学业成绩之间并非单纯的线性关系。     

案例研究与决疑法：当代医学伦理学的经验主义方法论反思

当代医学伦理学至今没有形成较为成熟稳定的研究方法,方法论的“革命”往往意味着科学的革命、学科范式的转型和知识谱系的变革。案例研究与决疑法是医学伦理学常见的两种经验主义方法。这两种方法的广泛运用,是当代医学伦理学对于规范伦理学中“原则主义”的一种实践“反叛”与深度批评。对这两种方法的基本逻辑、实践特征、优点和弊端进行详细分析,深入探讨医学伦理学的学科方法论,通过对方法学的反思,表明当代医学伦理学的方法论在原则与例外、普遍与特殊之间“徘徊”不定,进一步推进对医学伦理学学科建设的理解与反思。

     

叙事医学在临床研究中的应用进展

叙事医学的概念自问世以来,在国内外均得到快速发展。对采用叙事医学进行干预的临床研究进行综述,以期为广大临床医护工作者开展有关叙事医学的临床对照研究提供参考。现有叙事医学涉足的领域包括了叙事医学教育、叙事医学文学、叙事医学临床实践等方面,在叙事医学临床实践方面集中在叙事病历、叙事故事的建立,并通过叙事干预实现其医疗目的。叙事医学干预不同于传统的医学干预,将叙事医学作为干预措施进行的对照研究相对有限。     

恢复高考30余年来中学生学习状况的历史回顾

自1977年恢复高考30余年来,我国中学生的学习状况随着一次又一次的教育改革发生了许多变化.该文就我国恢复高考30余年来中学生学习的基本状况简单地进行了历史回顾,包括中学生的课内学习情况,中学生的课外学习情况,中学生的学习兴趣与动机,中学生的作业与考试,中学生的学习负担与心理状态等.文章认为,尽管有关各方采取了多种措施,但中学生的学习负担有增无减、学习状况令人堪忧;改善中学生学习状况的理论探讨和实证研究刻不容缓.     

Pain and Depressive Symptoms: Exploring Cognitive Fusion and Self-Compassion in a Moderated Mediation Model

The association between chronic pain (CP) and depression is complex and influenced by several psychological processes. Cognitive fusion (i.e. being entangled with one´s internal experiences) and self-compassion (i.e. being touched by one´s suffering, with a motivation to alleviate it) have been hypothesized as relevant psychological processes in physical and mental health, but few studies have addressed them in CP, and none in a comprehensive model relating pain intensity and depressive symptoms. This study tests, in a moderated mediation model, the mediator role of cognitive fusion between pain intensity and depressive symptoms, and the moderator effect of self-compassion in this mediation. In a cross-sectional study, 231 female CP patients (Age: M?=?48.51, SD?=?10.89) responded online self-report measures. PROCESS, an SPSS macro for conducting path analysis modeling, was used to test the hypothesized model. The model explained 63% of depressive symptoms, and cognitive fusion mediates the association between pain intensity and depressive symptoms. Also, self-compassion moderates this mediation (regardless of self-compassion being low, moderate or high). Although pain intensity is a predictor of depressive symptoms, fusion with thinking in general mediates this association, this relationship is buffered when patients are able to respond to setbacks and perceived shortcomings with self-kindness and warmth. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

What's mine is yours: The crossover of day-specific self-esteem

This diary study examines the daily crossover of self-esteem within working couples. By integrating self-esteem research into the crossover framework, we hypothesized that the day-specific self-esteem experienced by one partner after work crosses over to the other partner. Furthermore, we proposed that this daily crossover process is moderated by the other partner's general level of self-esteem and empathic concern. We conducted a diary study over five consecutive working days among 102 working couples. Multilevel analyses using the actor-partner interdependence model supported our hypotheses. Day-specific self-esteem experienced by one partner after work crossed over to the other partner in the evening, particularly when this partner had a generally low level of self-esteem and a generally high level of empathic concern.