随迁老人和本地老人的群际接触与其幸福感的关系

心理学研究缺乏对随迁老人的关注，更鲜有研究探讨群际接触与随迁老人幸福感的关系。本研究采用一般群际接触数量和接触质量量表、群际接触问卷、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表和积极消极情感量表对北京市昌平区的178名随迁老人和62名本地老人进行调查，分析随迁老人和本地老人的群际接触与其幸福感的关系。结果发现：（1）随迁老人与本地老人的群际接触存在明显的非对称性。随迁老人的群际接触数量和接触意愿均显著高于本地老人，但群际接触感受与本地老人没有显著差异。（2）群际接触质量显著正向预测随迁老人的幸福感水平。（3）群际接触对本地老人的幸福感和积极情感也均有显著的正向预测作用。     

老年人智力与年龄关系研究述评

介绍关于老年人智力发展的三种理论观点，以及影响老年人智力发展的因素。讨论了三种常见的研究方法。最后，指出了当前老年人智力研究领域中存在的一些问题，并对将来的研究进行了展望。     

General and contextualized emotion goals and its link with well-being across late,middle, and young adulthood

Prior research with young adults has shown how emotion goals (i.e., cognitive representations of preferred emotional states) can be instrumental (positive or negative) depending on the context and how this context sensitivity is linked to higher well-being. However, this research has overlooked older adults. We argue it is important looking at this age group as there is mixed evidence given that on one hand they have been described as exhibiting a positivity bias (hedonic orientation; preference for positive emotion goals), and on the other hand, being capable of suppressing this when it is adaptive to do so. Importantly, this bias towards positive emotion goals has been linked to better emotion regulation and higher well-being in older adults. In order to understand whether older adults can also exhibit instrumental emotion goals and whether this is linked to well-being, we conducted an exploratory study with older (N = 43, M_age = 68.33), middle (N = 47, M_age = 43.83), and young adults (N = 47; M_age = 21.98) who reported about their general and contextual emotion goals (in collaboration and confrontation), their well-being, and their current positive and negative affect. Although older adults reported lower negative affect than young adults, there were no age differences for general and contextualized emotion goals. Across the three age groups, a higher preference for happiness in general and in collaboration was linked to higher well-being. The obtained results highlight the need to study emotion goals longitudinally to better understand their possible changes throughout the lifespan and their influence on well-being.     

老年人乐观、领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系—控制策略的中介作用

基于毕生控制理论，方便选取杭州市60~95岁的老年人320名，采用问卷法考察了老年人控制策略使用的现状和特点，并在控制了年龄、健康状况、日常活动数量后，探讨了老年人的乐观、领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系，以及控制策略的中介作用。结果发现：低龄的老年男性和女性更偏好选择初级和补偿初级策略，而高龄老年女性更偏好补偿初级策略；乐观和领悟社会支持不仅可以直接影响老年人的主观幸福感，还可以通过选择初级策略间接影响主观幸福感。初级控制在老年人中依然具有首要性地位，老年人的资源越丰富，越有可能采用积极的控制策略（选择初级），进而提高主观幸福感，实现成功老龄化。