Adolescent narcissism and interpersonal trust: A cross‐lagged study

In recent years, narcissism has been attracting considerable interest by researchers because of its enigmatic constructs. To enhance our understanding of narcissists’ psychosocial functioning, considering the relationship between narcissism and interpersonal trust is crucial. This study aimed to investigate how narcissistic admiration and rivalry are associated with interpersonal trust. To gain a more nuanced understanding, a cross‐lagged design was conducted at two time points that were six months apart. In total, 357 adolescents (M_age = 16.33 years) completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) and the Interpersonal Trust Scale. The results showed that narcissistic admiration positively predicted interpersonal trust while narcissistic rivalry negatively predicted interpersonal trust at the second time point. However, interpersonal trust did not predict subsequent levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry. These findings enhanced our understanding by showing that narcissistic admiration and rivalry have different effects on interpersonal trust, and that they remain relatively stable during a six‐month period.     

信任博弈范式真的能测量信任吗?

信任博弈范式测量信任的有效性一直存在争议。一方面, 社会偏好与风险偏好可能在范式变动中对投资信任水平产生影响, 降低信任博弈的内部效度。另一方面, 信任博弈与量表信任的相关水平较低, 这可能和态度与行为差异、测量类型差异以及测量范式的不足有关。虽然存在争议, 但总体而言, 信任博弈范式仍然是较为适宜的信任测量手段。未来信任博弈范式可在：验证信任博弈范式变动的科学性; 进一步澄清信任博弈范式与量表信任的低相关问题; 拓展信任博弈范式的测量维度以及提升信任博弈范式的生态效度等方面继续完善。     

自动驾驶车中的人机信任

自动驾驶是当前智能汽车发展的重要方向。在实现完全自动化驾驶前, 驾驶员和自动驾驶系统共享车辆控制权, 协同完成驾驶任务。在该人-机共驾阶段, 人对自动驾驶系统的信任是影响自动驾驶中人机协同效率与驾驶安全的关键要素; 驾驶员对自动驾驶车辆保持适当的信任水平对驾驶安全至关重要。本研究结合信任的发展阶段与影响因素提出了动态信任框架。该框架将信任发展分为倾向性信任、初始信任、实时信任和事后信任四个发展阶段, 并结合操作者特征(人)、系统特征(自动驾驶车系统)、情境特征(环境)三个关键因素分析不同阶段的核心影响因素以及彼此间的内在关联。根据该框架, 信任校准可从监测矫正、驾驶员训练、优化HMI设计三类途径展开。未来研究应更多关注驾驶员和人机系统设计特征对信任的影响, 考察信任的实时测量和功能特异性, 探讨驾驶员和系统的相互信任机制, 以及提升信任研究的外部效度。     

信任水平存在性别差异吗?

信任水平是否存在性别差异, 学界观点莫衷一是。一派研究者持信任水平性别差异观, 其中风险偏好理论被用于佐证男性信任水平更高的观点, 女性在亲社会领域的优势则为女性具备更高信任水平提供支持; 另有一派研究者以性别相似性假设为依据, 持信任水平无性别差异观。两派观点及其理论基础虽得到一定程度支持, 但还有待从研究范式、东西方文化差异等角度阐明其合理性。未来研究可在合理运用信任测量方法的基础上, 澄清信任动态变化过程中的性别特征, 深化两性信任差异的神经生理机制研究, 从而更好地揭示信任水平的性别差异问题。     

员工感知被信任影响工作投入的心理机制：维度差异及理论比较

领导－员工之间的信任是工作场所中宝贵的资源,但有关领导对员工的信任及其作用机制的研究相对缺乏。以423名企业员工为被试,通过问卷调查法从被信任方角度考察了员工感知被信任对工作投入的影响及其机制,并比较了三种主导解释理论的相对有效性。结果显示：感知被信任与工作投入正相关,但其具体作用机制有赖于感知被信任的不同维度;相对于不确定管理理论和认知评估理论,社会交换理论更能有效解释感知被信任与工作投入的关系。     

Patriotism's Impact on Cooperation with the State: An Experimental Study on Tax Compliance

Although it seems reasonable to assume that activating patriotism might motivate citizens to cooperate with the state in reaching societal goals, the empirical evidence supporting this contention is based mostly on correlational rather than experimental studies. In addition, little is known on whether patriotism can be manipulated without simultaneously triggering nationalism and on the psychological processes which determine the patriotism‐cooperation relation. This current article reports results of one survey and three experiments that manipulate patriotism by displaying either a national flag or national landscapes or by priming national achievements. The outcomes indicate that reported and manipulated patriotism indirectly increase tax compliance, although the national flag also increases nationalism. National achievements, on the other hand, seemingly increases trust in national public institutions and the voluntary motivation to cooperate, whereas national landscapes only increase the voluntary motivation to cooperate. Hence, it is possible to increase social capital in the form of trust and cooperation through patriotism without fostering nationalism as well.     

The Impact of Crime on Social Ties and Civic Participation

The present study examined associations of neighbourhood crime with residents' social ties and civic participation using multilevel models. We hypothesized that crime is indirectly associated with residents' low civic participation by negatively relating to their acquaintanceship ties because of fear of neighbours. By contrast, we predicted that crime is indirectly related to frequent civic participation by positively associating with more intimate friendship ties as a response to combat external threats. Additionally, we hypothesized that high crime rates in the neighbourhood increases the importance of generalized trust towards others. Therefore, we examined the interaction effects of neighbourhood crime and trust on social ties and participation. The study is based on a postal questionnaire mailed to residents aged between 20 and 69 years, residing in Musashino City and Kiyose City, in Tokyo. Rates of larceny reported by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department were used as indices of neighbourhood crime. As hypothesized, our results showed that crime is positively associated with friendship ties and is negatively related to acquaintanceship ties. Through these opposing relationships, crime showed both positive and negative associations with civic participation. Moreover, we found that generalized trust buffered the adverse relationships between crime, broader social ties and participation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特质认知和关系认知对人际信任的影响

特质认知和关系认知是影响人际信任的两个重要因素。在中西方不同的文化背景下,特质认知和关系认知对人际信任存在不同的影响。通过整合以往有关特质认知和关系认知影响人际信任的研究成果,发现关系认知影响人际信任的相关研究不应仅仅局限于简单的"亲疏关系"效应。尤其是在理解中国人人际信任的研究中,需要进一步深入探讨诸如能够体现中国社会关系核心构架的"阶层关系"等更为重要的社会关系的认知过程对于中国人人际信任的深刻作用。以"阶层关系"认知为核心的关系认知可能调节着特质认知对于中国人人际信任的影响。     

7–0? That is awful! Should I trust my national team again?: The role of mindsets in team trust

This investigation examined the role of mindsets in team trust after a major loss. It is proposed that individuals can believe that personal characteristics are fixed and that there is not much one can do about it (a fixed mindset) or that personal characteristics are malleable and that one can improve (a growth mindset). The participants, self-identified football fans, were shown a picture of a major loss experienced by the Mexican national team and then answered questions that assessed the participants' team trust, intention to provide future support, and mindsets. We conceptualised mindsets as latent variables and classes to test our hypotheses. The results from the latent variable model showed a significant, positive influence of a growth mindset on team trust. Similarly, the results from the latent class model showed that the class characterised by high levels of a growth mindset was more likely to trust the national team. Regarding intentions to provide future support to the national team, a growth mindset had an indirect, positive effect through its influence on team trust. Similarly, the class with high levels of a growth mindset was more likely to support the national team in the future. The implications for social psychology and consumer behaviour are discussed.