全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1558篇 |
免费 | 158篇 |
国内免费 | 68篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 92篇 |
2019年 | 93篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 107篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 78篇 |
2013年 | 290篇 |
2012年 | 41篇 |
2011年 | 87篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 92篇 |
2008年 | 88篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1784条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
961.
People use commonsense science knowledge to flexibly explain, predict, and manipulate the world around them, yet we lack computational models of how this commonsense science knowledge is represented, acquired, utilized, and revised. This is an important challenge for cognitive science: Building higher order computational models in this area will help characterize one of the hallmarks of human reasoning, and it will allow us to build more robust reasoning systems. This paper presents a novel assembled coherence (AC) theory of human conceptual change, whereby people revise beliefs and mental models by constructing and evaluating explanations using fragmentary, globally inconsistent knowledge. We implement AC theory with Timber , a computational model of conceptual change that revises its beliefs and generates human‐like explanations in commonsense science. Timber represents domain knowledge using predicate calculus and qualitative model fragments, and uses an abductive model formulation algorithm to construct competing explanations for phenomena. Timber then (a) scores competing explanations with respect to previously accepted beliefs, using a cost function based on simplicity and credibility, (b) identifies a low‐cost, preferred explanation and accepts its constituent beliefs, and then (c) greedily alters previous explanation preferences to reduce global cost and thereby revise beliefs. Consistency is a soft constraint in Timber ; it is biased to select explanations that share consistent beliefs, assumptions, and causal structure with its other, preferred explanations. In this paper, we use Timber to simulate the belief changes of students during clinical interviews about how the seasons change. We show that Timber produces and revises a sequence of explanations similar to those of the students, which supports the psychological plausibility of AC theory. 相似文献
962.
Using Statistical Models of Morphology in the Search for Optimal Units of Representation in the Human Mental Lexicon
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Cognitive Science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sami Virpioja Minna Lehtonen Annika Hultén Henna Kivikari Riitta Salmelin Krista Lagus 《Cognitive Science》2018,42(3):939-973
Determining optimal units of representing morphologically complex words in the mental lexicon is a central question in psycholinguistics. Here, we utilize advances in computational sciences to study human morphological processing using statistical models of morphology, particularly the unsupervised Morfessor model that works on the principle of optimization. The aim was to see what kind of model structure corresponds best to human word recognition costs for multimorphemic Finnish nouns: a model incorporating units resembling linguistically defined morphemes, a whole‐word model, or a model that seeks for an optimal balance between these two extremes. Our results showed that human word recognition was predicted best by a combination of two models: a model that decomposes words at some morpheme boundaries while keeping others unsegmented and a whole‐word model. The results support dual‐route models that assume that both decomposed and full‐form representations are utilized to optimally process complex words within the mental lexicon. 相似文献
963.
Shuhui Huang 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2018,31(1):59-68
Background and objectives: Previous studies on traumatic memory have primarily focused on the correlation between traumatic symptoms and negative memories, often utilizing the directed forgetting paradigm. Different from previous research, this study aimed to examine the correlation of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and positive memories, with the objective to explore the directed forgetting effect of positive material and its relationship with PTG.Design: A 2 (PTG level: high vs. low)?×?2 (instructions: To-Be-Forgotten vs. To-Be-Remembered)?×?3 (word valence: positive vs. neutral vs. trauma related) mixed-factorial-designed experiment was applied.Methods: Participants were 46 senior high-school students who had survived in the Sichuan earthquake in 2008. Participants were divided into two groups based on PTG: high (n?=?24) and low (n?=?22). Both groups were presented, and asked to recall, three word categories (positive, trauma-related, and neutral) following the directed forgetting paradigm.Results: A mixed-design factorial ANOVA yielded a significant interaction effect of word valence and PTG group, with the high-PTG group recalling more positive words than the low-PTG group.Conclusions: This was the first study to identify a key cognitive process of PTG by integrating the directed forgetting paradigm into an investigation of PTG. 相似文献
964.
Linghua Kong Mei Fang Tao Ma Guopeng Li Fang Yang Qian Meng 《Psychology, health & medicine》2018,23(6):707-716
This study aims to explore the relationship between resilience, social support, positive affect and posttraumatic growth among Chinese women with infertility, and to examine the mediating role of positive affect. A convenience sample of 1733 women diagnosed with infertility was recruited from the infertility outpatient clinics at three reproductive hospitals in Shandong Province of China between May 2015 and April 2016. They completed a background questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Individuals reported high levels of PTG (M = 64.81; SD = 16.20). Perceived social support (β = .11, p < .001), resilience (β = .18, p < .001) and positive affect (β = .46, p < .001) were related to PTG. Positive affect may play a mediating role in the relationships between resilience (.125, .201, p < .001), social support (.055, .121, p < .001) and PTG. This study examines the effects of resilience, social support, and positive affect on PTG among Chinese infertile women. Wherein, positive affect may play a mediating role in the relationships between resilience, social support and PTG. 相似文献
965.
966.
Naïla Boudiaf Rafael Laboissière Émilie Cousin Nathalie Fournet Alexandre Krainik 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2018,25(1):1-22
The effect of normal aging on lexical production and semantic processing was evaluated in 72 healthy participants. Four tasks were used, picture naming (PN), picture categorization (PC), numerical judgment (NJ), and color judgment (CJ). The dependence of reaction time (RT) and correct responses with age was accounted by mixed-effects models. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing for verbal, executive, and memory functions. The RTs increase significantly with age for all tasks. After parceling out the non-specific cognitive decline, as reflected by the NJ task, the RT for the PN task decreases with age. Behavioral data were interpreted in relation with neuropsychological scores. Our results suggest that (a) naming becomes more automatic and semantic processing slightly more difficult with age, and (b) a non-specific general slowdown of cognitive processing occurs with age. Lexical production remained unaltered, based on compensatory automatic processes. This study also suggests a possible slowdown of semantic processing, even in normal aging. 相似文献
967.
Learning is an important aspect of cognition that is crucial for the success of many species, and has been a factor involved in the evolution of distinct patterns of life history that depend on the environments in question. The extent to which different degrees of social and individual learning emerge follows from various species-dependent factors, such as the fidelity of information transmission between individuals, and that has previously been modelled in agent-based simulations with meme-based representations of learned knowledge and behaviours. A limitation of that previous work is that it was based on fixed environments, and it is known that different learning strategies will emerge depending on the variability of the environment. This paper will address that limitation by extending the existing modelling framework to allow the simulation of life history evolution and the emergence of appropriate learning strategies in changing environments. 相似文献
968.
Lakshmi Raman 《Infant and child development》2018,27(1)
Three studies were conducted to investigate if children think that physical growth is determined by inheritance. All three studies employed the “switched‐at‐birth” task. Study 1 investigated if children and adults thought that height and weight were determined by parentage. Study 2 examined preschoolers and elementary school children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining weight. Study 2a examined children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining height. Results indicate that overall, preschoolers and third graders have more of an inheritance bias for height than for weight. However, when nutrition was introduced, apart from third graders, all other grades reasoned that nutrition played a greater role in determining weight. Overall, these results indicate that even young children have a rudimentary but differentiated theory of the role of inheritance in determining height and weight.
Highlights
- Participants were presented with switched‐at‐birth tasks to determine if they thought that parentage and/or nutrition influences height and weight.
- Young children viewed height as determined more by parentage than weight, suggesting that they have a differentiated and autonomous theory for the determination of height.
969.
Strong disagreements have stymied today’s political discourse. We investigate intellectual humility – recognizing the limits of one’s knowledge and appreciating others’ intellectual strengths – as one factor that can make disagreements more constructive. In Studies 1 and 2, participants with higher intellectual humility were more open to learning about the opposition’s views during imagined disagreements. In Study 3, those with higher intellectual humility exposed themselves to a greater proportion of opposing political perspectives. In Study 4, making salient a growth mindset of intelligence boosted intellectual humility, and, in turn, openness to opposing views. Results suggest that intellectual humility is associated with openness during disagreement, and that a growth mindset of intelligence may increase intellectual humility. Implications for current political polarization are discussed. 相似文献
970.
Constructive communication is an important correlate to examine for sexual health promotion and HIV prevention among male couples. However, few studies have examined the effect of different relationship dynamics on both partners' perceptions of constructive communication. Using dyadic data collected from 361 male couples, the present authors explore which relationship dynamics were associated with constructive communication patterns. The results highlight the relevance of investment in a sexual agreement and trust within the relationship in perceptions of constructive communication. These findings may be particularly useful to guide the development of future dyadic-focused sexual health and HIV preventive interventions for male couples. 相似文献