内隐社会认知:社会性决策的个人背景效应

通过两个实验研究了个人背景对其社会性决策的影响。实验一采用 2× 2混合设计 ,其中被试性别为组间因素 ,策略类型为组内因素 ;结果发现不同性别的被试在选择决策策略时表现出了差异 ,其中男性更倾向于选择“综合比较”的策略 ,但女性却没有表现出对策略的偏向。实验二则选择 14项个人背景资料作为自变量 ,以“才—情”决策倾向为因变量 ,进行多元逐步回归分析 ,结果发现被试的家庭所在地、性别差异以及对自己容貌的评价等变量显著地影响了决策倾向。     

外显竞争态度对内隐竞争与合作的影响

通过《竞争态度量表（中国版）》进行测验,选取良性竞争态度和过度竞争态度大学生各60名作为被试。采用偏好判断与再认测验相结合的实验范式,操纵三种不同的加工类型,考察两组被试对竞争动词、合作动词两类刺激的内隐与外显记忆贡献。结果显示：1）过度竞争态度者和良性竞争态度者都具有很强的内隐竞争性;2）过度竞争态度者比良性竞争态度者具有更强的内隐竞争性;3）良性竞争态度者比过度竞争态度者具有更强的内隐合作性。     

工作价值观的研究进展与展望

工作价值观是指超越具体情境,引导个体对与工作相关的行为与事件进行选择与评价,指向希望达到的状态与行为的一些重要性程度不同的观念与信仰。最近学者们越来越关注工作价值观的研究,内容主要涉及工作价值观的结构、测量、与其他相关构念的关系,以及跨文化、跨代际差异等方面的内容。本文对最近几年工作价值观的研究进展进行了全面的总结,并且分析了不同性别、行业、代际、国家地区人群的工作价值观差异。最后指出,今后的研究需要进一步关注工作价值观测量工具的跨文化适用性、工作价值观的匹配性及其变化机制等问题。     

高中生内隐和外显职业性别刻板印象关系

本研究采用内隐联想测验和相应的外显问卷考察高中生被试的职业性别刻板印象.结果表明,高中生被试内隐和外显职业性别刻板印象未出现实验性结构分离,外显层面和内隐层面均存在职业性别刻板印象,两层面性别差异均不显著.     

运用眼动指标探测个体的内隐攻击性

以黑白线条人物画为实验材料,采用Eyelinkll型眼动仪,对14名大学生观看攻击者、被攻击者以及中性人物图片的眼动指标进行分析.研究结果发现:(1)被试观看攻击者和被攻击者的平均瞳孔大小显著大于观看中性人物时的平均瞳孔大小;(2)被试注视攻击者的时间显著高于注视中性人物和被攻击者的时间;(3)被试对攻击者的凝视次数,显著高于对中性人物和被攻击者的凝视次数.本研究的结果表明,个体对攻击性材料具有自动化的偏好.     

Aging and Information Technology Use: Potential and Barriers

ABSTRACT— Why are older adults reluctant to adopt new technology, such as the Internet, given its potential to improve the quality of their lives? We review evidence indicating that attitudes and abilities are among the most powerful predictors of technology use. We conclude that normative age-related changes in ability must be taken into account when designing products and training programs for aging adults, and we discuss new tools to support designers. The most promising emerging technologies likely lie in training cognitive abilities and augmenting or substituting for impaired abilities. We discuss reasons to expect that the lag in technology adoption between younger and older adults may lessen but will not disappear in future generations.     

外显与内隐自尊对大学生主观幸福感的预测

本研究通过运用内隐联想测验和量表法对111名大学生进行测试,在确认自尊结构的基础上,考察外显和内隐自尊对主观幸福感的预测。结果发现:(1)大学生自尊结构是双重的,存在外显自尊和内隐自尊两种成分;(2)外显自尊和内隐自尊都可以显著预测大学生主观幸福感。     

An assessment of the fakeability of self-report and implicit personality measures

Researchers are focusing on developing implicit measures of personality to address concerns related to the faking of self-report measures. The present study examined the validity and fakeability of Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures of personality self-concept in a repeated-measures design (N = 33). People’s predictions about how they represented themselves on the measures were also assessed. Results indicated that participants were able fake self-report measures when instructed to do so and that they could accurately predict how they represented themselves on these measures. Participants were also able to fake an IAT measure of Extraversion, but were unable to fake an IAT measure of Conscientiousness or predict how they represented themselves on either IAT measure.     

Evidence for the underestimation of implicit in-group favoritism among low-status groups

We question the evidence and the reasoning underlying recent research suggesting that members of low-status groups often fail to show in-group favoritism at the implicit level. Specifically, we argue the predominant measure revealing this pattern of group attitudes (the IAT) is influenced by extrapersonal associations, just the sort of information that would lead low-status groups to appear not to prefer their in-group. In the research reported here, respondents from low-status groups (African-Americans in Study 1 and homosexual males in Study 2) exhibited no in-group favoritism on the standard IAT, replicating previous research. However, reliable in-group favoritism by members of both groups was revealed on a personalized IAT [Olson, M. A., & Fazio, R. H. (2004). Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 653-667] that reduces extrapersonal influences. We also rule out the possibility that differential error rates can account for the different patterns observed on the two versions of the IAT.