全文获取类型
收费全文 | 837篇 |
免费 | 599篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 49篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有1463条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
271.
Ingvarsson ET 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(1):205-209
This study examined the effects of parent-implemented mand training on the acquisition of framed manding in a 4-year-old boy who had undergone partial hemispherectomy. Framed manding became the predominant mand form when and only when the intervention was implemented with each preferred toy, but minimal generalization to untrained toys nevertheless occurred. A pure mand test suggested that manding was controlled by the relevant motivating operation. 相似文献
272.
We evaluated 2 3-component multiple-schedule sequences-a response interruption and redirection (RIRD) treatment sequence and a no-interaction control sequence-using a multielement design. With this design, we were able to evaluate the immediate and subsequent effects of RIRD on 2 participants' vocal stereotypy. For both participants, RIRD produced an immediate decrease in vocal stereotypy and did not result in a subsequent increase. 相似文献
273.
We observed 11 undergraduates in an experiment designed to simulate infant caregiving. In negative reinforcement conditions experienced by all participants, a targeted caregiving response (e.g., rocking a baby doll) produced escape from, and avoidance of, a recorded infant cry. Nine participants' caregiving was shown to be controlled by this negative reinforcement contingency. Nine participants experienced an extinction condition that consisted of an inescapable cry, and the previously reinforced caregiving responses of 2 of these participants were resistant to extinction. For both of these participants, the previously reinforced response was eliminated when an alternative form of caregiving was reinforced. These results highlight the role of negative reinforcement in infant caregiving and suggest the need for additional research on the effects of crying on caregivers as well as the development of effective strategies for minimizing infant crying. 相似文献
274.
275.
心理与教育测验中存在着被试作答异常现象(能力测验中的猜测现象和睡眠现象, 人格测验中的非0下渐近线现象和非1上渐近线现象), 会导致被试能力或人格特征的测量偏差。在能力测验中, 研究者已提出了多种方法来纠正猜测现象和睡眠现象, 这些方法往往需要调整或删除被试作答信息, 而四参数模型不需要改变被试作答信息而能有效纠正被试能力高估或低估现象。在人格测验中存在着非0下渐近线和非1上渐近线现象, 四参数模型能增强测验项目拟合性能, 提高人格测验的准确性。 相似文献
276.
传统上,群体评估都是以个体的评估结果的平均值为基础进行的。而群体水平IRT理论则可以避开对个体的评估,直接实现对群体的评估,它具有许多传统方法难以企及的优点。本文将群体水平IRT模型应用于2007年某省高考英语阅读理解的410所学校的能力评估,评估结果发现:410所学校的英语阅读理解能力几乎都在[-1,1]区间内,没有能力极高或极低的学校。对这些学校而言,测验中所有项目的难度较易,区分度适中。所有的评估结果与IRT模型的评估结果在 的水平上相关显著,表明GIRT模型在实践中是可以选择的一种群体评估方法。 相似文献
277.
Wendy D Donlin Todd W Knealing Mick Needham Conrad J Wong Kenneth Silverman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(4):499-516
This study assessed whether attendance rates in a workplace predicted subsequent outcome of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence. Unemployed adults in Baltimore methadone programs who used cocaine (N = 111) could work in a workplace for 4 hr every weekday and earn $10.00 per hour in vouchers for 26 weeks. During an induction period, participants provided urine samples but could work independent of their urinalysis results. After the induction period, participants had to provide urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence to work and maintain maximum pay. A multiple regression analysis showed that induction period attendance was independently associated with urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence under the employment-based abstinence reinforcement contingency. Induction period attendance may measure the reinforcing value of employment and could be used to guide the improvement of employment-based abstinence reinforcement. 相似文献
278.
Appetitive memory reconsolidation depends upon NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Memory persistence is a dynamic process involving the reconsolidation of memories after their reactivation. Reconsolidation impairments have been demonstrated for many types of memories in rats, and signaling at N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors appears often to be a critical pharmacological mechanism. Here we investigated the reconsolidation of appetitive pavlovian memories reinforced by natural rewards. In male Lister Hooded rats, systemic administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-SH-dibenzo{a,d}cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801, 0.1 mg/kg i.p.) either before or immediately following a brief memory reactivation session abolished the subsequent acquisition of a new instrumental response with sucrose conditioned reinforcement. However, only when injected prior to memory reactivation was MK-801 effective in disrupting the maintenance of a previously-acquired instrumental response with conditioned reinforcement. These results demonstrate that NMDA receptor-mediated signaling is required for appetitive pavlovian memory reconsolidation. 相似文献
279.
Conditioned reinforcement value and resistance to change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three experiments examined the effects of conditioned reinforcement value and primary reinforcement rate on resistance to change using a multiple schedule of observing-response procedures with pigeons. In the absence of observing responses in both components, unsignaled periods of variable-interval (VI) schedule food reinforcement alternated with extinction. Observing responses in both components intermittently produced 15 s of a stimulus associated with the VI schedule (i.e., S+). In the first experiment, a lower-valued conditioned reinforcer and a higher rate of primary reinforcement were arranged in one component by adding response-independent food deliveries uncorrelated with S+. In the second experiment, one component arranged a lower valued conditioned reinforcer but a higher rate of primary reinforcement by increasing the probability of VI schedule periods relative to extinction periods. In the third experiment, the two observing-response components provided similar rates of primary reinforcement but arranged different valued conditioned reinforcers. Across the three experiments, observing-response rates were typically higher in the component associated with the higher valued conditioned reinforcer. Resistance to change was not affected by conditioned reinforcement value, but was an orderly function of the rate of primary reinforcement obtained in the two components. One interpretation of these results is that S+ value does not affect response strength and that S+ deliveries increase response rates through a mechanism other than reinforcement. Alternatively, because resistance to change depends on the discriminative stimulus-reinforcer relation, the failure of S+ value to impact resistance to change could have resulted from a lack of transfer of S+ value to the broader discriminative context. 相似文献
280.
AN ANALYTIC FORM FOR THE INTERRESPONSE TIME ANALYSIS OF SHULL, GAYNOR, AND GRIMES WITH APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Shull, Gaynor and Grimes advanced a model for interresponse time distribution using probabilistic cycling between a higher-rate and a lower-rate response process. Both response processes are assumed to be random in time with a constant rate. The cycling between the two processes is assumed to have a constant transition probability that is independent of bout length. This report develops an analytic form of the model which has a natural parametrization for a higher-rate within-bout responding and a lower-rate visit-initiation responding. The analytic form provides a convenient basis for both a nonlinear least-squares data reduction technique to estimate the model's parameters and Monte Carlo simulations of the model. In addition, the analytic formulation is extended to both a refractory period for the rats' behavior and, separately, the strongly-banded behavior seen with pigeons. 相似文献