内隐序列学习意识的具身机制

内隐序列学习意识已有三类理论如全局工作平台理论、神经可塑性理论、新异刺激理论都忽略了身体感受的关键因素, 难以揭示意识产生的根本原因。具身意识理论和研究发现, 运动/情感镜像神经元系统及与自我、认知控制系统的交互, 是初级/高级意识产生的本源, 但未涉及内隐序列学习规则意识这个对人类学习认知至关重要的领域。内隐序列学习研究实质上已接近揭示其学习机制正是感知觉运动具身学习, 其意识机制很可能是感知觉运动/情感具身意识, 并且其意识加工脑区与具身意识脑区有关键重合。未来研究可采用Granger因果大脑网络技术证明内隐序列学习意识的具身本源, 并考察已有三类意识理论的具身基础, 以及探索意识影响因素的具身机制。     

关系因素与个体因素在儿童早期社会能力中的作用

采用儿童早期行为评价量表、亲子关系量表和师生关系量表,对443名幼儿的父母和教师进行了测查,在生态系统理论的框架下探讨了儿童性别、年级及父子、母子、师生关系对早期社会能力的影响。结果发现:小班和中班儿童的师生关系好于托班;女孩的社会能力高于男孩,小班和中班儿童的社会能力高于托班。控制了性别与年级的作用之后,父子、母子与师生关系对儿童社会能力都有显著的正向预测作用,但三者的平均值具有最强的预测作用,这一结果支持了多重关系作用于儿童发展的"平均化假说"。     

Path analysis of variables affecting 36-month outcome in a population of multi-risk children

Path analysis was employed with data collected during a longitudinal neuro-behavioral follow-up study of multi-risk children. The relative impact of maternal medical history, drug abuse, and day-to-day functioning during pregnancy on the course of labor and delivery and on neonatal outcome was examined. The subsequent impact of each of these sets of variables on the child's developmental status at 36 months was then explored. An additional factor, which incorporated postnatal environmental and family functioning characteristics, was also included in the model. Maternal drug abuse had a significant effect on the course of labor and delivery, due in part to the impact of maternal drug abuse on family functioning. The results indicate that in this multi-risk population, environmental and psychosocial variables are important predictors of the child's developmental prospects.     

Factor Retention Using Machine Learning With Ordinal Data

Determining the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis is probably the most crucial decision when conducting the analysis as it clearly influences the meaningfulness of the results (i.e., factorial validity). A new method called the Factor Forest that combines data simulation and machine learning has been developed recently. This method based on simulated data reached very high accuracy for multivariate normal data, but it has not yet been tested with ordinal data. Hence, in this simulation study, we evaluated the Factor Forest with ordinal data based on different numbers of categories (2–6 categories) and compared it to common factor retention criteria. It showed higher overall accuracy for all types of ordinal data than all common factor retention criteria that were used for comparison (Parallel Analysis, Comparison Data, the Empirical Kaiser Criterion and the Kaiser Guttman Rule). The results indicate that the Factor Forest is applicable to ordinal data with at least five categories (typical scale in questionnaire research) in the majority of conditions and to binary or ordinal data based on items with less categories when the sample size is large.     

理性看待心房颤动导管消融成功率

随着心房颤动导管消融术的发展,其成功率不断提高,但医学上的消融成功并不一定等同于永久性治愈,且由于心房颤动的复杂性、消融终点多元性、不规范的术后随访制度和医疗体制不合理等诸多因素影响,导管消融成功率往往被无意或有意夸大,术后可能会因为达不到患者期望值而产生医疗纠纷。     

子团队:形成、类型、中间过程及影响

子团队是指在团队断裂带作用下而形成的一种集合体,它是对团队多样化深入探讨后所产生的结果,并已经逐渐成为团队研究的热点。从子团队的定义出发,对子团队的形成基础、类型、作用于绩效的过程变量、对团队结果的影响以及伴随这些环节的调节因素进行论述,并在此基础之上建构了子团队研究框架图。最后提出未来的研究应该对领导、情感、国家背景、社会网络和子团队测度在子团队研究中所扮演的角色做进一步的探索。     

个性心理因素与非理性金融行为研究

采用问卷法对个性心理因素中的人格、决策模式与非理性金融行为的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：人格、决策模式对非理性金融行为有显著影响,不同人格类型、不同决策模式的个体的非理性金融行为差异显著。研究发现,人格、决策模式对各类非理性金融行为以及各类非理性金融行为总和的预测力皆达显著,并且对不同的非理性金融行为有不同预测力;理智型、即时型、依赖型的决策模式与感觉-直觉人格维度对非理性金融行为总和的预测力显著。     

Relationship of Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions revisited

This study examines the relationship between Inglehart's and Schwartz's value dimensions—both at the individual and the country levels. By rotating one set of items towards the other, we show that these value dimensions have more in common than previously reported. The ranking of countries (N = 47) based on Schwartz's Embeddedness—Autonomy and the Survival—Self‐Expression dimensions reached a maximum of similarity, r = .82, after rotating Inglehart's factor scores 27 degrees clockwise. The correlation between the other pair of dimensions (Schwartz's Hierarchy‐Mastery—Egalitarianism‐Harmony and Inglehart's Traditional—Secular‐Rational values) was near zero before and after rotation. At the individual level (N = 46,444), positive correlations were found for Schwartz's Conservation—Openness dimension with both of Inglehart's dimensions (Survival—Self‐Expression and Traditional—Secular‐Rational values). The highest correlation with this Schwartz dimension was obtained at the Secular‐Rational/Self‐Expression diagonal, r = .24, after rotating the factor scores 45 degrees clockwise. We conclude that Schwartz's and Inglehart's originally proposed two‐dimensional value structures share one dimension at the country level and some commonality at the individual level, whereas the respective other pair of dimensions seem to be more or less unrelated.     

高中生解决化学实验问题的心理过程及其影响因素的进一步研究

对中学化学实验问题解决心理机制的前期研究的基础上,本研究进一步采用活动任务分析、心理模拟、现场实验活动观测、学生自我反思问卷调查,以及定量统计相结合的研究方法,对22名高三优秀学生解决化学实验问题的心理活动及其影响因素进行了较深入的探查,对了解我国高中生化学实验问题解决的能力和水平特点,以及如何改革中学化学实验教学具有重要启示.