内隐联结测验(IAT)研究回顾与展望

Greenwald等人提出的内隐联结测验(Implicit Association Test,IAT),引起了心理学家的广泛关注,是当前心理学研究的热点之一。虽然IAT以其突出的优点被广泛应用,但由于它仅仅有五年的历史,所以还不够成熟,在程序、效度等方面有很多争议。本文对以前的有关研究成果进行了总结,并从IAT的程序、效度和变式三个方面进行了概括,展望了今后的研究方向。     

互联网成瘾者内隐网络态度及其干预研究

内隐互联网态度是个体对网络内隐的、自动化的心理倾向。研究发现,网络成瘾者持有对互联网积极评价的内隐态度．这种评价可以通过阈下评价性条件反射技术有效改变．通过对IAT、效应的考察表明,网络成瘾者内隐态度具有稳定性和易变化性特点,内隐矛盾态度(AIA)可能是提供解决该问题的整合性视角。     

社会调节对内隐刻板印象的影响研究

本研究以性别一职业刻板印象IAT纸笔测验为实验材料和测量工具．安排不同的主试主持实验。研究表明：男性被试在女性主试条件下比在男性主试条件下,呈现较轻的内隐刻板印象,而女性被试无此现象,说明社会调节作用对男性被试有显著的影响;在不同主试条件下男女被试均表现出非常显著的内隐效应;实验证明IAT纸笔测验版本是简便可行的。     

Problems and Possibilities of Theological Models: Responding to David Klemm and William Klink

This essay is a response to the proposals of David Klemm and William Klink concerning the construction and testing of theological models. A number of issues are raised for critical attention. (1) The exclusive attention to Christian theology, with no discussion of other religions, poses some significant problems, not the least of which is that cognitive claims of religious thinking are not universal but rather are defined by the particularities of the religious context in which they are made. (2) Although the authors wish to transcend confessionalism, their focus on Christianity and on the concept of God as a basic assumption can be construed as a kind of confessionalism. (3) The argument that theological and scientific models stand in analogy to each other requires more critical examination, particularly with respect to the issues of explanation, prediction, falsification, nesting, and openness. (4) While the argument is persuasive when referred to certain theologians, such as Paul Tillich, it requires some adjustment if it is to apply to other theological systems, such as Process theology.     

储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响

为了解储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响而进行本实验研究。实验采用Jacoby过程分离程序范式,用英文辅音字母组成无意义字母串作记忆实验材料,用彼德生的减数干扰分心技术。结果发现：储存负荷量对内隐记忆效果的影响与外显记忆的不同,随着储存负荷量的增加,内隐记忆即自动性提取的作用先下降,后又有所上升,最后渐趋稳定,在负荷量为6以后保持在一个相当稳定的水平。本实验对内隐记忆研究具有参考价值。     

Changes in physical activity among coronary and hypertensive patients: A longitudinal study using the Health Action Process Approach

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) is a key factor in cardiovascular disease prevention. Through the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), the present study investigated the process of change in PA in coronary patients (CPs) and hypertensive patients (HPs).

Design: Longitudinal survey study with two follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months on 188 CPs and 169 HPs.

Main outcome measures: Intensity and frequency of PA.

Results: A multi-sample analysis indicated the equivalence of almost all the HAPA social cognitive patterns for both patient populations. A latent growth curve model showed strong interrelations among intercepts and slopes of PA, planning and maintenance self-efficacy, but change in planning was not associated with change in PA. Moreover, increase in PA was associated with the value of planning and maintenance self-efficacy reached at the last follow-up

Conclusions: These findings shed light on mechanisms often neglected by the HAPA literature, suggesting reciprocal relationships between PA and its predictors that could define a plausible virtuous circle within the HAPA volitional phase. Moreover, the HAPA social cognitive patterns are essentially identical for patients who had a coronary event (i.e. CPs) and individuals who are at high risk for a coronary event (i.e. HPs).     

Recollection and familiarity for words and faces: a study comparing Remember–Know judgements and the Process Dissociation Procedure

Measures of recollection and familiarity often differ depending on the paradigm utilised. Remember–Know (R–K) and Process Dissociation Procedure (PDP) methods have been commonly used but rarely compared within a single study. In the current experiments, R–K and PDP were compared by examining the effect of attention at study and time to respond at test on recollection and familiarity using the same experimental procedures for each paradigm. We also included faces in addition to words to test the generality of the findings often obtained using words. The results from the R–K paradigm revealed that recollection and familiarity were similarly affected by attention at study and time to respond at test. However, in the case of PDP, the measures of recollection and familiarity showed a different pattern of results. The effects observed for recollection were similar to those obtained with the R–K method, whereas familiarity was affected by time to respond but not by attention at study. These results are discussed in relation to the controlled-automatic processing distinction and the contribution of each paradigm to research on recognition memory.     

Betrayed? That’s Me: Implicit and Explicit Betrayed Self-Concept in Young Adults Abused as Children

Attenuated awareness of betrayal, or “betrayal blindness,” is a proposed survival mechanism in relationships where awareness of betrayal will mobilize confront-or-withdraw responses that jeopardize a needed relationship. Empirical tests of betrayal blindness and its effects are hampered by the methodological conundrum of how to measure an absence of awareness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a novel empirical method to measure implicit betrayed self-concept, the first step in a long-term research aim to operationalize “betrayal blindness.” Informed by betrayal trauma theory, we hypothesized that a history of betrayal within close childhood relationships (but not recent close relationships or “not-close” relationships) would predict implicit betrayed-self associations in young adulthood. An adaptation of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and measured implicit and explicit betrayed-self associations and self-reported history of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse in 529 university undergraduates was designed. Internal consistency reliability of the betrayed self IAT was low but adequate. Hierarchical regression modeling revealed that history of abuse within close childhood relationships (but not recent close relationships or “not-close” relationships) predicted betrayed-self IAT scores. The effect size was small, β = .12, p < .05, 95% CI [.01, .07], R² = .12. In addition, history of betrayal by someone close (but not someone “not close”) at any age predicted increased explicit evaluations of the self as betrayed versus respected, a small effect size, R² = .16. Findings indicate that implicit betrayed self-concept can be measured empirically.     

中学生内隐自我价值感特征的实验研究

应用经过修订的内隐联想测验技术和青少年自我价值感量表对230名初中一年级至高中三年组中学生的内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感的发展水平进行测试与分析。研究结果表明：经过修订的内隐联想测验的实验效果量良好;中学生的内隐自我价值感具有稳定性和一致性特征;内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感是两个相对独立的结构。     

大学生职业性别刻板印象的内隐研究

本研究采用内隐联想测验（IAT）和刻板解释偏差（SEB）两种方法对大学生的职业性别刻板印象进行了内隐研究。发现被试整体在两次实验中均表现出极为显著的内隐刻板印象,女大学生头脑中的刻板印象对其行为归因已形成显著影响。研究结果表明,SEB是一种测量内隐刻板印象的有效方法。