How Does Residents’ Satisfaction with Community Services Influence Quality of Life (QOL) Outcomes?

Grzeskowiak et al. [Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy 33(2):1–36, 2003] conducted a study that empirically tested a model that integrates the relationships among determinants and outcomes of residents’ satisfaction with community services. We build on their model in attempt to explain how residents’ satisfaction with community services influence satisfaction with the community at large (community well-being) and satisfaction with life (quality of life). Specifically, we hypothesized and empirically demonstrated for the most part that satisfaction with a variety of community services (e.g., services related to housing, education, government, healthcare, employment, religion, public safety, retailing, transportation, and leisure) affect satisfaction with the community and life overall through satisfaction in a variety of life domains (e.g., family, social, leisure, health, financial, cultural, consumer, work, spiritual, and environmental domains).     

Philosophical dialogues as paths to a more ‘positive psychology’

Although family support programmes have been in place for several decades in Greece very little attention has been paid to evaluating the effectiveness of such endeavours, the techniques that influence their outcomes and the receptiveness to their messages. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of research findings collected during the first qualitative research phase of a community mental health promotion project. The research was conducted in order to delineate programme outcomes and the characteristics that had an impact on the participants' lives. The 3‐month family support programme intended to introduce ‘philosophical dialogues’ as means to developing personal and communal understandings of what makes life worth living. The programme was developed and implemented on Crete under the auspices of a non‐profit community organization appropriately named ‘The Lyceum for Women’. The features of the programme that contributed and enhanced the participants' tendencies to become not passive targets but active partners and stakeholders in the process will be clarified, as will the conceptualization and approach. Of the 45 evaluation protocols that were analysed the following themes were most important for the participants: ‘Group as‐a‐whole process’—the sense of sharing and development understandings in a ‘parea’ (in‐group); ‘relational outcomes’—feeling of belonging, ‘reciprocated kindness’, and giving of self to others; personal and emotional outcomes‐self‐efficacy and empowerment; knowledge outcomes‐learning about positive emotions and enjoying the simple things in life; and group facilitator outcomes‐sharing stories, ‘gives of self to the community’. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

毛泽东与农村人民公社所有制及基本核算单位的演变

农村人民公社的所有制及基本核算单位,经历了从人民公社的"一大二公"和大集体所有制,到以生产(大)队为基本核算单位,再到生产小队的部分所有制,最后到以生产小队(又称生产队)为基本核算单位的演变历程.总的趋势是一次比一次更朝着符合生产力发展水平、调动农民群众积极性因而更代表群众利益的方向前进.毛泽东在这个历史演进过程中发挥了主要作用.既要承认毛泽东在大跃进和人民公社化运动中犯了严重的指导思想上的左倾错误,也要看到毛泽东为纠正实际工作中的左倾错误而作出的艰辛努力和重要贡献.力求更客观、全面地评价建国后的毛泽东.     

社区感的研究现状(1977～2020)及展望——基于Leximancer的内容分析

社区感是社区心理学领域中最重要的概念之一。全面系统地呈现社区感研究的主题及核心概念,探讨演进趋势及中国场景中的特殊性,对推进我国社区感研究的本土化发展具有重要意义。研究以系统筛查后的644篇SSCI文献的标题及摘要作为分析文本,采用内容分析法对不同阶段及中国本土研究中所呈现的关键主题及核心概念进行阐述和分析。研究结果表明社区感的研究对象以城市居民及学生群体为主;研究方法主要以实证的问卷调查展开;社区感的前因变量和结果变量中包含了健康、满意度、邻里关系、生活质量等因素;社区感研究在不同的发展阶段及中国场景中所关注的话题均有其独特性。基于研究结果,本研究针对社区感的未来发展提供了若干建议,旨在推进社区感在中国本土实践场景下的发展。     

横琴粤澳深度合作区“两病”患者用药减免政策实施效果调查

为评估横琴“两病”患者用药减免政策实施效果,以为其他地区“两病”相关政策改革创新提供参考。从高血压和糖尿病患者费用减免、依存性、满意度等方面对“两病”患者开展问卷调查并评估政策实施效果。结果发现 “两病”用药减免政策执行效果较好,患者满意度较高,可以吸引并满足80%以上的患者在社区就诊,患者自付费用负担维持较低水平。同时建议继续扩大免费药品数量、扩大免费药品目录,进一步降低“两病”患者自付比例,扩大患者受益程度,全面降低“两病”患者负担。

     

综合医院向下转诊难点分析

双向转诊制度能促使社会医疗资源被合理的分配和利用,是缓解患者就诊压力,实现社区卫生服务机构自身功能的一种双赢举措。然而当前的转诊却成了单向转诊,综合医院下转极为困难,针对这一现状展开了深入研究,指出最主要原因有:医疗机构间存在趋利行为,患者对社区医疗机构不信任,综合医院的定位与分工不明确等。并在此基础上提出了相应的解决对策:探索医疗集团模式,完善社区卫生服务建设,强化医保职能,以此为推动双向转诊的开展提供一些参考。     

社区卫生服务首诊制与医师多点执业

阐述了社区卫生服务首诊制的概念及其对规范医疗卫生次序的重要作用, 深入分析了限制社区卫生服务首诊制发展的主要因素。从正反两个方面分析了医师多点执业对首诊制的影响:医师多点执业能提高社区卫生人力资源的质量, 增强民众对社区卫生机构的信任度;但是医师多点执业也会造成医院和社区卫生机构管理上的问题, 医生自身也需要时间适应自身角色的转变。鼓励大医院办社区卫生服务机构, 增加社区医疗机构的政府补偿, 吸引医师到基层多点执业, 增强社区卫生服务首诊的能力。     

医患共同体法治化建设的多方位思考

医患双方本是守望相助的共同体,但由于医疗活动“技术主体化”倾向严重,导致医疗行业引发诚信危机。立法较为侧重患者赋权,而挤压了医方合法权利的空间,法律在医患间利益关系的平衡上尚未发挥应有成效。法律规范应当合理配置医患间权利义务关系,完善知情同意规则和医疗保险相关法律体系,协调医疗资源的公平配置,为医患共同体建设营造良好法治氛围。国家应当充分发挥多元主体协同健康治理法治化的社会效用,重塑医疗诚信,拓宽医疗纠纷解决渠道,营造尊医重卫社会风气。

     

社会控制理论在医患冲突危机干预中的应用

作为社会规范运行和保持的加工机制,社会控制既是一种推动社会发展的外源性动力,又是一种保障社会结构正常运转的内源性动力。基于社会控制的动力结构要素,医患冲突可分为前馈控制阶段、同期控制阶段和反馈控制阶段三个阶段。通过这三个阶段的协同运转,将社会控制嵌入人与社会的双向运动中,构建起以社会控制的外源性动力和内源性动力为驱动的医患共同体契合模型,从而有助于挖掘“社会-心理-生理”资源与动态建构的社会控制策略,推动“医患信任危机干预”转向“和谐医患关系建设”。     

Territorial sense of community,ethnic prejudice and political orientation

This research focused on territorial sense of community and ethnic prejudice. In particular, we related these two constructs and investigated their relationship to individual characteristics (personal political orientation, contact with immigrants, etc.) and community‐level ones (such as ethnic composition and the political orientation of the local government). Two studies were conducted in four small towns in central and southern Italy. For each study, 160 people were contacted. The instruments used were a questionnaire, the Italian Sense of Community Scale and the Blatant Prejudice Scale. The results showed that territorial sense of community is not related to ethnic prejudice or to the ethnic heterogeneity of the territory. It was also found that people with right‐wing political sympathies revealed higher levels of prejudice than people with left‐wing sympathies. Finally, in a town with a stable and consolidated left‐wing orientation of the local government we found, when the influence of personal political orientation was controlled for, lower levels of prejudice than in a town with a right‐wing orientation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.