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61.
John J. Shaughnessy 《Journal of research in personality》1979,13(4):505-514
As part of the regular classroom testing procedure, undergraduate students in an introductory psychology course were asked to provide confidence judgments along with their answers to multiple-choice test items. The two objectives of the study were to determine the extent of students' confidence-judgment accuracy and the degree of relationship of this memory-monitoring ability to overall test performance. The results showed that even the students having the poorest test performance showed some confidence-judgment accuracy, and, more importantly, there was a strong positive relationship between confidence-judgment accuracy and test performance, r(43) = .49. Thus, students who know more also are better able to distinguish between known and unknown information. 相似文献
62.
《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2023,73(1):100822
IntroductionThe feeling of hope is an important factor in the well-being and mental health of individuals. The 12-item Herth Hope Index (HHI) measures different dimensions of hope and assesses the state of motivation to overcome situations with strong stressful or life threatening factors.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a French adaptation of the HHI.MethodBased on a French translation of the HHI made during a translation and counter-translation process (HHI-F), 247 higher education students completed an online survey on their mental health state during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included the HHI-F. A principal factor analysis (PCA) and several confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to compare the structure of the HHI-F with that of the original scale. Internal consistency and convergent validity were also assessed.ResultsThe best model relates to a two-factor solution, corresponding to the Spanish translation of the HHI. Internal consistency was very satisfactory, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .895 and a McDonald's Omega coefficient of .898. Significant correlations were observed between the HHI-F score and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS).DiscussionThe HHI-F showed good psychometric qualities, although its structure does not fully correspond to the original version of the HHI. This scale should thus facilitate research in mental health psychology among French-speaking audiences. 相似文献
63.
Robert Audi 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,63(1-3):87-102
Belief is a central focus of inquiry in the philosophy of religion and indeed in the field of religion itself. No one conception
of belief is central in all these cases, and sometimes the term ‘belief’ is used where ‘faith’ or ‘acceptance’ would better
express what is intended. This paper sketches the major concepts in the philosophy of religion that are expressed by these
three terms. In doing so, it distinguishes propositional belief (belief that) from both objectual belief (believing something to have a property) and, more importantly, belief in (a trusting attitude that is illustrated by at least many paradigm cases of belief in God). Faith is shown to have a similar
complexity, and even propositional faith divides into importantly different categories. Acceptance differs from both belief
and faith in that at least one kind of acceptance is behavioral in a way neither of the other two elements is. Acceptance
of a proposition, it is argued, does not entail believing it, nor does believing entail acceptance in any distinctive sense
of the latter term. In characterizing these three notions (and related ones), the paper provides some basic materials important
both for understanding a person’s religious position and for appraising its rationality. The nature of religious faith and
some of the conditions for its rationality, including some deriving from elements of an ethics of belief, are explored in
some detail. 相似文献
64.
Paul S. Bay Daniel Beckman James Trippi Richard Gunderman Colin Terry 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(1):57-69
This randomized controlled study measured the effect of chaplain interventions on coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients
over time. One hundred sixty-six CABG patients, received pre- and post-surgery testing at 1 month and 6 months with four instruments.
Five chaplain visits were made to the intervention group, the control group received none. Comparison scores for anxiety,
depression, hope, positive and negative religious coping, and religious coping styles were analyzed. Significant difference
was found between groups in positive religious coping (PRC) (p = .023) and negative religious coping (NRC) (p = .046) scores over time. PRC increased in intervention group, decreased in the control group while NRC decreased in intervention
group and increased in the control group. Demographics were comparable between groups. Moderate chaplain visits (average total
visits time, 44 min) may be effective in helping CABG patients increase positive religious coping and decrease negative religious
coping.
相似文献
Paul S. BayEmail: |
65.
The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents’ school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joseph Ciarrochi Patrick C.L. Heaven Fiona Davies 《Journal of research in personality》2007,41(6):1161-1178
We examined the distinctiveness of three “positive thinking” variables (self-esteem, trait hope, and positive attributional style) in predicting future high school grades, teacher-rated adjustment, and students’ reports of their affective states. Seven hundred eighty-four high school students (382 males and 394 females; 8 did not indicate their gender) completed Time 1 measures of verbal and numerical ability, positive thinking, and indices of emotional well-being (positive affect, sadness, fear, and hostility), and Time 2 measures of hope, self-esteem, and emotional well-being. Multi-level random coefficient modelling revealed that each positive thinking variable was distinctive in some contexts but not others. Hope was a predictor of positive affect and the best predictor of grades, negative attributional style was the best predictor of increases in hostility and fear, and low self-esteem was the best predictor of increases in sadness. We also found that sadness at Time 1 predicted decreases in self-esteem at Time 2. The results are discussed with reference to the importance of positive thinking for building resilience. 相似文献
66.
Kuyken W 《Behaviour research and therapy》2004,42(6):631-646
This study prospectively examined the effect of hopelessness on outcome in cognitive therapy. Hopelessness has a central role in cognitive theories of depression, and consistently predicts suicide attempts and suicide completion. Furthermore, there is indirect evidence that hopelessness predicts cognitive therapy outcome, in terms of early termination of therapy, perhaps in part because theories of therapy change suggest that "remoralization" is a critical first phase of change. It was hypothesized that hopelessness non-responsiveness early in therapy would be predictive of eventual outcome, over and above hopelessness severity at intake. In a naturalistic study of 122 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression, it was found that non-responsive hopelessness predicted outcome in cognitive therapy, and this effect is over and above any effect of initial severity of hopelessness or depression. These findings suggest that patients whose level of hope is responsive to early interventions make more rapid and pronounced improvements during "real world" cognitive therapy. 相似文献
67.
C.R. Snyder David B. Feldman Julia D. Taylor Lisa L. Schroeder Virgil H. Adams III 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2000,9(4):249-269
From its most famous tale, that of Pandora, hope was meant to prevent the emergence and reemergence of life difficulties. A new model defining hope as a combination of agentic pathways and goal-directed thinking is reviewed. Comparisons of the similarities of this theory to other existing theories are made. The beneficial roles of hope in primary (before the appearance of a problem) and secondary (after a problem has appeared) prevention are explored. Primary enhancement is introduced as involving those thoughts and actions that establish optimal functioning and satisfaction. Secondary enhancement is posited to describe those thoughts and actions that are undertaken over time so as to further functioning and satisfaction in order to reach peak levels. Using hope theory as a lens, these primary and secondary enhancement processes are described. The natural synergy between prevention and enhancement activities is discussed, along with the future priorities for using hope in prevention and enhancement efforts. 相似文献
68.
This study reports on daily hope, coping, stress, and affect among 84 fire service members who completed a 21-day diary. Multilevel modeling showed that between-person hope was related to higher positive affect. Three-way interactions were found for within-person hope, stress, and daily coping in the prediction of daily affect. When under high stress and if low in hope, more emotion–expression coping predicted higher next day positive affect whereas if high in hope, more problem-focused coping predicted more positive affect. Within-person hope, stress, and emotion–expression coping interacted to predict negative affect. Findings for the prediction of negative affect necessitate further research to determine if the nature of coping under low hope and low stress is qualitatively distinct from high hope states. 相似文献
69.
On 21 November 1964, at the end of the third session of the Second Vatican Council, the Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium (LG), was solemnly adopted together with its final chapter on Mary. Simultaneously, Pope Paul VI proclaimed the Marian title Mater Ecclesiae. This article will both review the Council’s debate and identify the specifics of the title Mater Ecclesiae. The Council had rejected the idea of awarding this title to Mary, even though chapter VIII of Lumen Gentium mentions her ‘function as mother’ (LG 60). In proclaiming this title, Paul VI did not follow the Council, which had located Mary within the Church. The question therefore arises as to whether Mary, as the ‘Mother of the Church’, is now placed outside the Church. 相似文献
70.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(1):37-52
Positive psychology has begun to foster change in the study of adolescence by directing increased attention to the importance of building on adolescents’ strengths and abilities as a means to promote positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between hope, optimism, locus of control, self-determination, and life satisfaction in adolescents with and without cognitive disabilities using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated comparability in the measurement of each of these constructs in adolescents with and without disabilities. Hope, optimism, locus of control, and self-determination were strongly correlated, and hope and optimism predicted life satisfaction in adolescents with and without cognitive disabilities. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed. 相似文献