有关医疗事故认定问题的商榷

随着医疗法律制度的逐渐健全,人们法律意识不断提高,医疗纠纷逐渐成为热点问题,它的解决与医疗事故的认定密切相关.仅从认定的意义,包括赔偿责任承担、鉴定费用分配、行政和民事诉讼中的作用,以及认定书的效力方面作以商榷,旨在使该问题得以进一步明确.     

从元分析看传统心理统计的局限性

当前,心理学研究文献中占主导地位的数据分析和解释方法是传统的统计方法。元分析方法已经表明传统的统计方法延缓了心理学理论的创新和知识累积的增长。该文从元分析方法的角度阐述了传统的心理统计在处理研究结果方面的局限性。     

两汉经学的式微与魏晋玄学的孕育--论王符《潜夫论》治道思想的历史地位

王符《潜夫论》治道思想的历史地位在两汉经学的式微与魏晋玄学的孕育中得以显现出来,其表现有三：一是其治道思想作为社会批判思潮的代表性;二是其所关注时代问题的转变,围绕本末、名实、才性诸问题而展开;三是王符治道思想中所彰显出的人本理性精神。     

History Assessments of Thinking: A Validity Study

This article reports a validity study of History Assessments of Thinking (HATs), which are short, constructed-response assessments of historical thinking. In particular, this study focuses on aspects of cognitive validity, which is an examination of whether assessments tap the intended constructs. Think-aloud interviews with 26 high school students were used to examine the thinking elicited by 8 HATs and multiple-choice versions of these tasks. Results showed that although both HATs and multiple-choice items tapped historical thinking processes, HATs better reflected student proficiency in historical thinking than their multiple-choice counterparts. Item format also influenced the thinking elicited, with multiple-choice items eliciting more instances of construct-irrelevant reasoning than the constructed-response versions. Implications for history assessment are discussed.     

H管理理论探索

H管理理论是我国学者提出的具有中国特色的管理理论。本文针对H管理理论的主要思想、构成内容进行了探索 ,着重考察了H管理理论中的人格学说 ,并对该理论的理论基础和实践基础进行了分析和论证 ,最后指出H管理理论的理论意义和实践意义 ,以及以后需要完善之处。     

心体的重建与理学的终结--兼论蕺山学逻辑向度与历史向度的离异

蕺山学术之最得力处,是在心体中充分凸现“性体”的本质意义。此种性格与阳明学相比有两点不同：一是更用力于德性本体之实证,在心性关系中关注的重心在性体的客观超越义和道德意志的定向性;二是更加强调实修实证的功夫论,向意根极微处用力。生当晚明,蕺山对自由表达的权力毫不理解,相反,积极倡导“证人”之学,将已狂驰于现实世界的人心重新收束于理性圣殿中,这不能不说是一种历史隔膜和理性的误导。阳明“良知”教经蕺山的批判修正虽由显归密,而心学自裁自决的自由精神却在其慎独之学中丧失锋芒。这同样表明蕺山思想于时代精神的滞后。     

Testing the significance of the successive components in redundancy analysis

In this paper we study the interrelationships between two sets of data measured on the same subjects via redundancy analysis. We consider redundancy analysis from an inferential point of view. Under the hypothesis of multinormality, tests of significance are obtained for each successive redundancy component so that only the significant factors are retained for prediction purposes. An example illustrates the method. The authors would like to thank the Editor and the referees for their helpful comments. This research has been partly financed by NSERC (Canada).     

心理治疗结果的临床显著性分析方法

心理治疗结果研究中,如何对结果测量数据进行统计分析,是非常重要的环节之一。研究者发现,不能简单使用统计显著性来考察心理治疗的结果,因而引入了临床显著性的概念以便更准确地从临床角度考察治疗的情况。在验证临床显著性改变中,西方学者提出了JT法、GLN法、EN法和HA法等统计分析方法,这些方法都试图更准确地分析临床显著性,但在心理治疗结果研究中,这些方法仍然存在概念明确性、标准和数据收集完善性等方面的问题。因此今后的研究应该关注方法的创新或修订,还是关注数据解释是目前西方关于临床显著性分析方法的两大争论。国内也应在心理治疗结果的研究中引入临床显著性分析方法,同时还应考虑效果评价指标的设立和有效测量工具编制的问题,为正确评价心理治疗结果服务,并最终为提高心理治疗效果服务。     

Principled ideology or racism: Why do modern racists oppose race-based social justice programs?

People who score high on modern racism scales consistently oppose reparations for race-based social injustices. Scholars debate whether this opposition reflects racism [e.g., Sears, D. O., & Henry, P. J. (2005). Over thirty years later: A contemporary look at symbolic racism. In M.P Zanna, (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 37 (pp. 95-150). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press] or a principled conservative ideology [e.g., Sniderman, P. M., & Tetlock, P. E. (1986). Symbolic racism: Problems of motive attribution in political analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 129-150]. We tested these competing hypotheses by examining support for government reparations for adult survivors of childhood abuse. We manipulated whether the survivors were of European or Aboriginal heritage. Consistent with a racism hypothesis, high modern racists indicated less support for reparations when the survivors were of Aboriginal heritage than when the survivors were of European heritage. Interestingly, low modern racists supported reparations more for Aboriginal Canadian than European Canadian survivors. We discuss three explanations of the responses of low modern racists.     

Government Apologies for Historical Injustices

Scholars from various disciplines suggest that government apologies for historical injustices fulfill important psychological goals. After reviewing psychological literature that contributes to this discussion, we present a list of elements that political apologies should contain to be acceptable to both members of the victimized minority and the nonvictimized majority. Content coding of a list of government apologies revealed that many, but not all, include most of these elements. We then reviewed research demonstrating that political apologies that contain most of these facets are favorably evaluated, but especially by members of the nonvictimized majority. Next, we examined how the demands of victimized minorities affect their satisfaction with government apologies that lack some components. We conclude by discussing the implications of our analysis for when and how governments should apologize.