SOME FINAL,GULP, “WORDS” ON REBT,ACT &; RFT

After reviewing the target articles of this issue, Hayes and Ellis respectively see less and more possibilities for integration. This concluding article attempts to better elucidate possibilities for integration between second and third wave CBT’s, as exemplified by Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (REBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). We suggest that if ACT is going to err, it will be in the direction of being too afraid of talk. If REBT is going to err, it will be in the direction of not being afraid enough. Address correspondence to Hank Robb, 4550 SW Kruse Way, Suite 225 Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA.     

网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为及传统攻击行为的影响,疏离感的中介作用

为探讨网络社会排斥、疏离感、大学生网络攻击行为及传统攻击行为间的关系,选取600名大学生为被试,采用网络社会排斥问卷、一般疏离感量表、网络攻击行为量表及大学生攻击行为量表进行测试。结果表明：(1) 网络社会排斥、疏离感、大学生传统攻击行为及网络攻击行为两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2) 网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为和传统攻击行为均具有显著的正向预测作用;(3) 疏离感在网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为和传统攻击行为的影响中均起着部分中介作用。     

Understanding proenvironmental intentions and behaviors: The importance of considering both the behavior setting and the type of behavior

To better understand the consistency of people’s proenvironmental intentions and behaviors, we set out to examine two sets of research questions. First, do people perform (1) different types of proenvironmental behaviors consistently, and (2) the same proenvironmental behavior consistently across settings? Second, are there consistent predictors of proenvironmental behavioral intentions across behavior and setting type? Participants reported four recycling and conservation behaviors across three settings, revealing significant variability in rates of behaviors across settings. Prior behavior, attitudes toward the behavior, and importance of the behaviour consistently predicted proenvironmental intentions. However, perceived behavioral control tended to predict intentions to perform proenvironmental behavior outside the home. Future research aimed at understanding and influencing different proenvironmental behaviors should carefully consider how settings affect intentions and behavior.     

Treating Depression Among Adolescent Perinatal Women With a Dialectical Behavior Therapy–Informed Skills Group

Depression is a prevalent and impairing problem affecting both women and offspring during the perinatal (pregnancy and the postpartum) period. Despite this, few studies have examined treatments for perinatal adolescents with depressive symptoms. The present study examined the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) informed skills group among depressed adolescent perinatal women (N = 25) recruited from both a public health parent education program and an adolescent obstetric clinic. A brief composite case example is included to illustrate how DBT skills were taught, practiced, and applied. Findings suggest the intervention was credible, acceptable, and associated with improvement in depression. Challenges with feasibility of enrolling and retaining adolescent perinatal women were evident, as approximately half of the enrolled participants did not complete the study. This study provides preliminary evidence that a DBT-informed skills group may be a promising intervention for depressed adolescent perinatal women and points to important directions for clinical practice and research, including treatment engagement and retention.     

The adoption of physical activity and eating behaviors among persons with obesity and in the general population: the role of implicit attitudes within the Theory of Planned Behavior

Obesity can be prevented by the combined adoption of a regular physical activity (PA) and healthy eating behaviors (EB). Researchers mainly focused on socio-cognitive models, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to identify the psychological antecedents of these behaviors. However, few studies were interested in testing the potential contribution of automatic processes in the prediction of PA and EB. Thus, the main objective of this study was to explore the specific role of implicit attitudes in the pattern of prediction of self-reported PA and EB in the TPB framework, among persons with obesity and in adults from the general population. One hundred and fifty-three adults participated to this cross-sectional study among which 59 obese persons (74% women, age: 50.6 ± 12.3 years, BMI: 36.8 ± 4.03 kg m^–²) and 94 people from the general population (51% women; age: 34.7 ± 8.9 years). Implicit attitudes toward PA and EB were estimated through two Implicit Association Tests. TPB variables, PA and EB were assessed by questionnaire. Regarding to the prediction of PA, a significant contribution of implicit attitudes emerged in obese people, β = .25; 95%[CI: .01, .50]; P = .044, beyond the TPB variables, contrary to participants from the general population. The present study suggests that implicit attitudes play a specific role among persons with obesity regarding PA. Other studies are needed to examine which kind of psychological processes are specifically associated with PA and EB among obese people.     

The Concept of Psychological Health in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

The argument has been made that if Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is to survive and prosper in the 21st century, its underlying personality theory requires further development and clarification. In this spirit, the concept of psychological health in REBT theory is examined in the present article. The concept of psychological health in personality theories is discussed briefly, as are the core aspects of the REBT view of emotional disturbance. Given that necessary context, a definition of the essence of psychological health in REBT theory is proposed and discussed. The clinical implications of the proposed definition are then explored.     

A Big Five model of disposition and situation interaction: why a “helpful” person may not always behave helpfully

A “bottom-up” Big Five disposition-situation interaction model is introduced that highlights the interactive relation between an individual's behavioral trait tendencies and the different facets of a situation to which he or she may respond. In the proposed model, personality traits are considered markers for how an individual might interpret and respond to different facets of a situation. Given a complex situation with multiple response options, a person will respond to the part of the situation most salient to him or her at that time. The presented model illustrates how interactions between the trait dimensions of the Big Five model with the different facets of a situational context, as well as the intra-individual interactions between the different trait dimensions themselves, determine which facet of a situation will be salient. The model is expected to improve prediction of specific behaviors in specific situations using personality traits. Results from an illustrative study are presented.     

Assessment of Psychotic Disorders in Inpatient Children and Adolescents: Use of the Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders

The Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (DSMD), with its 3-factor model of measurement (i.e., Internalizing, Externalizing, and Critical Pathology), may be useful in screening for psychotic disorders in children. This study assessed the ability of the DSMD to differentiate between inpatient children and adolescents with psychotic disorders (n = 18) and those with other clinical syndromes (n = 71). Results of ANCOVAs indicated that the psychotic group scored significantly higher on most DSMD scales and composites than the nonpsychotic clinical group. However estimates of effect size were particularly large for the Critical Pathology Composite and the Autism and Acute Problems Scales. Diagnostic efficiency statistics revealed that the DSMD's Critical Pathology Composite was highly accurate in differentiating between the 2 clinical groups. These findings support the utility of the DSMD in identifying children and adolescents with psychotic disorders.     

Personality assessment in the Great Apes: Comparing ecologically valid behavior measures, behavior ratings, and adjective ratings

Three methods of personality assessment (behavior measures, behavior ratings, adjective ratings) were compared in 20 zoo-housed Great Apes: bonobos (Pan paniscus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii). To test a new bottom-up approach, the studied trait constructs were systematically generated from the species’ behavioral repertoires. The assessments were reliable, temporally stable, and showed substantial cross-method coherence. In most traits, behavior ratings mediated the relations between adjective ratings and behavior measures. Results suggest that high predictability of manifest behavior is best achieved by behavior ratings, not by adjectives. Empirical evidence for trait constructs beyond current personality models points to the necessity of broad and systematic approaches for valid inferences on a species’ personality structure.