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201.
Background
Increased sensitivity to proactive (PI) and retroactive (RI) interference has been observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). PI and RI are often explained as being the result of a response competition mechanism. However, patients with aMCI are supposed to suffer mostly from encoding deficits. We hypothesized that in aMCI interference may occur at encoding and not only at the retrieval stage.Material and methods
We developed an original paradigm enabling PI and RI to be tested with and without response competitors. Eighteen young controls (YC), 16 elderly controls (EC) and 15 aMCI participated in the study.Results
The YC and EC groups presented interference effects only in conditions that included a direct response competitor. In contrast, aMCI had interference effects in all conditions including the one without response competitor.Conclusion
Increased sensitivity to interference in aMCI appears to occur at the encoding/consolidation stage and not only at the retrieval stage, as is the case in healthy subjects. This result is discussed in the context of the associative encoding deficits characterizing aMCI. 相似文献202.
本文对《临床运动心理学杂志》创刊以来的99篇论文进行内容分析,以揭示临床运动心理学研究的现状与问题.研究结果表明:临床运动心理学研究领域主要为运动功能障碍、心理健康、运动功能损害、运动表现发展;研究的热点问题主要为运动表现、饮食障碍、情绪障碍、成瘾、压力应对等;研究主要以认知行为理论为基础;42.4%的研究假设有待进一步验证;研究方法存在一些问题.基于上述研究结果,对我国运动心理学研究者提出以下建议:拓展研究领域;关注研究的本土化;丰富研究的理论基础;加强研究方法训练. 相似文献
203.
《Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging》2013,25(4):189-205
SUMMARY This paper describes how a palliative approach to care is relevant in the context of residential aged care, with specific focus on the spiritual needs of residents. Three issues are described that make attention to spirituality in residential aged care particularly challenging: effects of cognitive changes, potential threats to dignity, and uncertainties about how to provide bereavement support to the range of people who experience loss in this care context. Reflections on how residential aged care staff might better assess the spiritual needs of residents are offered with suggestions from the literature about how to sensitively respond to these needs. 相似文献
204.
Michelle Lonergan 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(5):494-512
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents an often chronic and debilitating mental illness resulting from exposure to trauma. Although the most compelling evidence for the treatment of PTSD is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), many patients experience residual functional impairment, or relapse, suggesting that this approach does not work for all cases of PTSD. Repeated severe trauma, particularly during development, might increase the risk for a more intricate clinical profile, called complex PTSD (CPTSD), which might contribute to poorer treatment response. The following provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence examining whether CPTSD symptomatology is related to poorer treatment outcome of CBT, reviews the literature on the treatment of CPTSD, and offers insights into current issues and future directions of the construct. 相似文献
205.
206.
Maria M. Johansson Jan Marcusson 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(3):421-432
ABSTRACT This study investigates how cognition influences activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in 85-year-olds in Sweden (n?=?373). Data collection included a postal questionnaire comprising demographics and health-related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D. The ability to perform personal activities of daily living (PADL) was assessed during a home visit that included administering the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was shown in 108 individuals (29%). The majority were independent with respect to PADL. A larger number of participants with cognitive impairment reported that they needed assistance in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) compared to the group without cognitive impairment. Impaired cognition was significantly related to problems with IADL. Significant but low correlations were found between cognition and health-related quality of life – higher ratings on perceived quality of life correlated with higher results on the MMSE. 相似文献
207.
Cheryl A. Luis Laila Abdullah Daniel Paris Amita Quadros Myles Mullan Benoit Mouzon 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2):203-218
ABSTRACT Aims: Evidence suggests a relationship between peripheral Aβ and AD. We hypothesized that higher levels of serum Aβ1–42 would be associated with memory impairment, thought to occur early in the disease, and rises in serum Aβ1–40, which occur later, would be associated with impairment in non-memory measures. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the relationship of serum Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, and the ratio of Aβ1–42/1–40 to neuropsychological measures in 40 cognitively normal controls, 13 MCI subjects, and 25 AD patients. Results: Serum Aβ1–42 and the ratio of Aβ1–42/1–40 were significantly higher in the MCI group compared to the controls. A significant relationship in the hypothesized direction (poorer scores associated with higher Aβ1–40 serum levels) was found between Aβ1–40 and measures of executive functions across the entire cohort of individuals tested and with measures of language and processing speed in the AD group. Regression analysis found that neuropsychological measures accounted for 26% of the variance in serum Aβ1–40, in the MCI/AD but not the controls. Furthermore that language and executive measures were significant predictors. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary data to partially support our hypotheses and suggest that changes in serum Aβ levels may be attributed to pathological changes within the brain. 相似文献
208.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(10):1963-1973
The present study compared the effects of age of acquisition (AoA) on object naming across groups of older individuals with cognitive impairments, healthy older controls, and young healthy controls. All participants named a set of 80 pictures, within which both AoA and frequency were manipulated orthogonally. Early-acquired objects were named faster than late-acquired objects across all groups. Response time also declined with age and with cognitive impairment between the groups. The effect of AoA differed across groups, with AoA effects being largest for the older group with cognitive impairments and smallest for the young control group. The present study adds strength to the suggestion that AoA of picture names is one of the factors that influence survival or loss of memories in dementia and cognitive decline, and this could therefore be used as a potential screening test for cognitive impairment disorders in the future. 相似文献
209.
《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(6):703-713
Deaf participants' sign recall is affected by sign similarity, sign length, irrelevant signing and manual articulatory suppression, suggesting the existence of a phonological loop for signs. In two experiments we explore whether hearing signers (who have learned Spanish Sign Language as second language) use a phonological loop for signs, whether they use their phonological loop for words or whether they use both when recalling sign lists. Articulatory suppression (manual and vocal) and list similarity (word similarity and sign similarity) were manipulated in two experiments. Results clearly suggest that our participants recode orally the signs and use those representations to recall sign lists, but visuospatial information is also used in this task. 相似文献
210.