排序方式: 共有110条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
抗生素是广泛用于治疗感染性疾病最常用的药品之一,但在应用过程中滥用现象愈演愈烈,这不仅造成药品的严重浪费,还增加细菌耐药性的产生,对社会造成巨大的危害。通过对其现象、后果及原因的分析,提出了控制抗生素滥用的建议。 相似文献
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Peter Cane 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):21-51
The famous mid-20th century debate between Patrick Devlin and Herbert Hart about the relationship between law and morality
addressed the limits of the criminal law in the context of a proposal by the Wolfenden Committee to decriminalize male homosexual
activity in private. The original exchanges and subsequent contributions to the debate have been significantly constrained
by the terms in which the debate was framed: a focus on criminal law in general and sexual offences in particular; a preoccupation
with the so-called “harm principle,” a sharp delineation of the realms of law and morality, and a static conception of the
relationship between them. This article explores the limitations imposed by these various starting-points and argues for a
holistic and symbiotic understanding of the relationship between law and morality.
* Thanks to Tony Connolly, Leighton McDonald and Niki Lacey for penetrating and suggestive comments on previous versions. 相似文献
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J. Angelo Corlett 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):131-191
This paper is offered as a tribute to Joel Feinberg. The first section of the paper applies Feinberg’s analysis of freedom
of expression to a contemporary case of academic freedom. The second section engages Feinberg’s work on rights and punishment.
The paper ends with numerous quotations from Feinberg’s vast array of writings, words that express his ideas on a number of
important problems that occupied his mind throughout his fruitful and influential career. 相似文献
44.
Ethics committees (ECs) regulate research activities to maintain research participants' autonomy and to protect them from harm and injury. No research to date attempted to establish how much risk is involved in social‐science research. Using a survey approach, we set out to estimate the risk of being involved in an incident for research participants in legal psychology and assessed researchers' views of ECs. Fifty‐nine of 188 respondents (31%) stated that they had experienced one or more incidents with a participant. The estimated risk of being involved in an incident was one to three per 10,000 participants, which according to biomedical standards defines a rare risk. Although some researchers were satisfied with their EC, the general tenor was one of discontent due to conservative decision‐making, lacking expertise, and overstepping demands. Whether ECs succeed in protecting participants from loss of autonomy, harm and injury are unknown but are open to empirical research. 相似文献
45.
Anke I. Liefbroer R. Ruard Ganzevoort Erik Olsman 《Mental health, religion & culture》2019,22(3):244-260
This study aims to rethink the integration of spiritual care into healthcare in spiritually plural societies. Based on a systematic review of the theoretical literature, we analysed 74 studies and distinguish four positions regarding the integration of spiritual care into healthcare: generalist-particularists who see the spiritual domain as a field to be addressed by all professional caregivers and in which caregivers’ own spiritual orientations play a vital role; generalist-universalists who advocate for all caregivers to provide spiritual care regardless of their spiritual orientations; specialist-particularists who argue that experts should address the spiritual domain in light of their own spiritual orientations; and specialist-universalists who call for experts to provide spiritual care regardless of their spiritual orientations. We argue that these four positions give different weight to the professional, personal, and confessional roles of the spiritual caregiver. Acknowledging these positions is a prerequisite for future scenarios of integrating spiritual care into healthcare. 相似文献
46.
Paul Duckett Marguerite Schinkel 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(5):518-526
In this short paper, we consider the partnership between psychology and the criminal justice system in Western societies and critically reflect on the notion of criminal justice as expressed in such a system. Focusing on how the criminal justice system operates in the UK, and in particular in Scotland, we consider the way the system criminalizes those who previously have been socially and economically disadvantaged. We ask whether community psychology has become negligent in the attention it brings to such a pernicious form of victim blaming and as such has shown insufficient critical engagement with systems that create social harm, and whether it is paying enough attention to the impact of a criminal justice system that is contributing to the creation of a more punitive, fractured and unjust society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
47.
Those found liable for negligently injuring others are required to compensate them, but current practices permit most tort
feasors to spread the costs of their liability burdens through the purchase of insurance. Those found guilty of criminal offences,
however, are not allowed to shift the burdens of their sentences onto others. Yet the reasons for not allowing criminal offenders
to shift such burdens – harm reduction, retribution, and moral education – also appear to retain some force in relation to
negligent tort feasors. Arguments for and against limiting the abilities of negligent tort feasors to spread such costs, thus
imposing a penalty on them, are discussed. The conclusion reached is that further consideration of such a penalty is warranted.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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R.?Nicholas?Carleton Gordon?J.?G.?AsmundsonEmail author Steven?Taylor 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(4):235-241
Three fundamental fears—anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and injury/illness sensitivity—are believed integral components of anxiety-related psychopathologies. S. Taylor (1993) performed a cumulative factor analysis on measures of these and found them factorially distinct. Subsequently, separate factor analyses have been performed on measures of anxiety sensitivity and fear of negative evaluation. No such analysis exists for the Injury/Illness Sensitivity Index (ISI; S. Taylor, 1993). The ISI, an 11-item self-report questionnaire intended to measure fear of illness and injury, has the potential to inform the understanding of mechanisms underlying anxiety-associated chronic health conditions. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the ISI. A principal components analysis with oblique rotation, conducted on data from 122 participants, suggests the ISI comprises two distinct lower order factors—Fear of Illness and Fear of Injury—that load onto a higher order factor of Fear of Physical Harm. 相似文献