莱布尼茨发明二进制前没有见过先天图吗--对欧洲现存17世纪中西交流文献的考证

本文通过对欧洲现存17世纪中西交流文献的研究考证,否定了莱布尼茨在发明二进制以后才见到先天图的说法.先天图在莱布尼茨发明二进制之前,已被斯比塞尔称之为二进制.从莱布尼茨的信中,可见先天图传入欧洲早于17世纪.     

Shaming in and into Argumentation

Shame appeals may be both relevant to and make possible argumentation with reluctant addressees. I propose a normative pragmatic model of practical reasoning involved in shame appeals and show that its explanatory power exceeds that of a more traditional account of an underlying practical inference structure. I also illustrate that analyzing the formal propriety of shame appeals offers a more complete explanation of their normative pragmatic force than an application of rules for dialogue types.     

五行、九宫与八卦--胡渭《易图明辨》"五行、九宫"说述评

胡渭对后人以"五行生成数"和"九宫数"为"河图"、"洛书"的来龙去脉进行了剖析,辨明了五行、九宫与八卦的关系,指出,春秋战国时期的阴阳五行之说,是一套独立的系统,它的五行生成之数说与<周易>中的天地之数说还是相矛盾的,也没和八卦发生任何关系."九宫数"原本与九数图的"河图"(或称"洛书")也毫无关系,也是后人硬把它们扯到一起的.胡渭的考证虽有待进一步的深入,但他认为五行数、九宫数与八卦、古河图原不相涉的说法,还是无可辩驳的.