Factors associated with traumatic symptoms and internalizing problems among adolescents who experienced a traumatic event

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify factors that are related to the traumatic symptoms and problem behavior among adolescents who experienced the New Years fire in 2001 in Volendam, The Netherlands. Three groups of factors were considered: pre-trauma (personality and coping), trauma-related (physical and emotional proximity to disaster), and post-trauma factors (received social support). Forty-five adolescents completed the questionnaire. Two years after the disaster, these adolescents experienced significant traumatic stress reaction (70% within the clinical range) and showed clinically significant levels of internalizing problems (37%). Pre-trauma, individual factors were identified as the most important predictors of distress, followed by received social support. The indicators of physical and emotional proximity to disaster explained little variance in distress.     

米非司酮对体外培养绒毛组织SPAG9表达的影响

孕早期的绒毛组织体外分为两组培养：米非司酮干预组和对照组。应用免疫组化、Westernblot和RT—PCR检测两组绒毛SPAG9的表达。结果显示,米非司酮干预组SPAG9的表达与对照组相比显著减弱（P〈0．05）。提示米非司酮可抑制早孕绒毛组织SPAG9的表达,其可能通过此机制发挥抗肿瘤的作用。     

乙肝歧视现象的问题与反思

我国乙肝病毒携带者群体在升学、就业、婚姻等方面遭受着社会歧视.分析乙肝歧视的社会成因,并就如何消除乙肝歧视和促进社会平等提出若干对策.     

ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎临床相关因素分析

为了探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生的危险因素,回顾性分析我院ICU机械通气的88例患者的临床资料,按诊断标准分为发生VAP组和未发生VAP组,对两组患者的相关因素及预后进行评价。结果显示,发生VAP组机械通气时间明显长于未发生VAP组（P〈0．05）;两组在年龄、APACHE评分、病死率差异显著（P〈0．05）。因此,机械通气时间是影响VAP发生的重要因素,患者年龄越大,APACHE评分越高,越容易发生VAP。VAP是病情危重的一个表现,发生VAP的患者,病死率高,防治VAP的措施是必要的。     

类别意义连结在无意视盲中的作用

本研究考察在无注意定势的参与下,类别信息的意义连结对于无意视盲的作用。被试在实验任务之前观察、学习某一类别的若干刺激,以激活其类别概念和表征。结果表明,启动相关类别概念的被试在非注意情况下觉察到非预期的、显著刺激的可能性更大。这说明,意义连结可以广泛地作用于类别刺激,即使没有注意定势的影响,也能自动地注意到相关的刺激,从而促进其意识的加工。     

Cognitive discernible factors between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SZ) and schizoaffective disorders (SA) are associated with cognitive deficits. Generally, a schizoaffective diagnosis is associated with better prognosis on the level of social integration. It is also well established that cognition is an important factor for good social outcome in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that, although patients suffering from SA share symptoms with SZ, they can be differentiated on the basis of neurocognitive function and that SA perform better in several domains. METHOD: Performances of two groups SA (N = 13) and SZ (N = 44) were compared on several visual-motor tasks using CANTAB [Motor Screening (MOT), Reaction Time (RTI), Paired Associates Learning Task (PAL), and Stockings of Cambridge items (SOC)]. The two groups were matched for symptom severity. ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to determine whether any difference in cognitive scores during a 2-year period was significantly related to the diagnostic status. RESULTS: A significant and durable difference was observed between SZ and SA on motor screening and explicit memory tests where SA performed better. CONCLUSION: Neurocognitive tests may be relevant for distinguishing schizoaffective from schizophrenia, chiefly via tests tapping into visuo-spatial and visuo-motor coordination abilities (e.g., paired associated learning and motor screening).     

The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to PTSD,Depression, Poly-Drug Use and Suicide Attempt in Reservation-Based Native American Adolescents and Young Adults

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among youth. This study examines the relationship between the number of types of exposures to ACEs and risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among reservation‐based Native Americans. In 2011, data were collected from Native American (N = 288; 15–24 years of age) tribal members from a remote plains reservation using an anonymous web‐based questionnaire. We analyzed the relationship between six ACEs, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect, witness to intimate partner violence, for those <18 years, and included historical loss associated symptoms, and perceived discrimination for those <19 years; and four risk behavior/mental health outcomes: post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression symptoms, poly‐drug use, and suicide attempt. Seventy‐eight percent of the sample reported at least one ACE and 40 % reported at least two. The cumulative impact of the ACEs were significant (p < .001) for the four outcomes with each additional ACE increasing the odds of suicide attempt (37 %), poly‐drug use (51 %), PTSD symptoms (55 %), and depression symptoms (57 %). To address these findings culturally appropriate childhood and adolescent interventions for reservation‐based populations must be developed, tested and evaluated longitudinally.