从高血压的新定义分析难治性高血压

ASH公布了高血压新的定义,其中高血压的过度反应需与真性难治性高血压鉴别,从三个层面分析难治性高血压。     

Improving Independence of Elderly People by Introducing Smart Products: The Guide Me Localization Case

What are the potential benefits of introducing technological innovations when working on issues with a wider societal impact? Focusing on a specific care and housing corporation for elderly people, the Sustainable System Innovation process has been used to translate an innovation challenge on macro societal level: “How can we deal with the challenges that occur due to the aging of society?” to a concrete innovation challenge on microtechnological and user level: “How can a tracking device be designed for optimal use by elderly person and care giver?”     

听障人群的工作记忆机制

听障人群听觉通道受损,使用手语交流,提供了独特的切入点来探讨工作记忆的结构和功能。研究表明,听障人群具备在功能上与正常人的语音环路平行的手语复述机制。通过发声训练,听障人群也可采用语音编码,即语音环路可被通达。听障人群具有与正常人相当的语言工作记忆资源,但是这种资源在具体使用时受视觉通道处理特性的限制。越来越多的研究支持互补理论,认为手语的使用增强了听障人群非语言的视空间处理能力。     

澳门人的风险知觉与赌博行为

采用匿名问卷法,调查澳门人的风险知觉与赌博行为。结果显示：（1）赌场的劝世文既无劝勉也无劝阻人们赌博的作用;（2）社会关系网的钱财支援不影响实际赌博次数;（3）多次性博弈与一次性博弈所采用的是不同的机制,一次性博弈不是由期望值所决定的;（4）相互监视和制裁系统会影响赌博：受法律制裁约束的职业者比不受法律制裁约束的职业者更不好赌;自估在赌场遇见认识人的机会与赌博次数呈负相关;（5）性别及母语等“本质趋向”差异表明,所谓澳门人不好赌有其渊源并可能是在长期的文化沉淀中形成的;（6）受教育程度是影响赌博的有效预测变量。这些发现的理论含义一并进行了讨论。     

A descriptive analysis of early word combinations in deaf children's signed utterances

The use of pointing and its place in word combinations and the organization of sentences were examined in children acquiring Japanese Sign Language as a first language. Subjects were three deaf children of signing deaf parents, and were aged from 1 year 9 months to 3 years 1 month at the time of observation. They were observed and videotaped periodically in free play settings. Pointing gestures were observed frequently in the earlier utterances in the development of sign language. It was also found that some pointing was referentially redundant and had a fixed position at the end of a sentence. This suggests that pointing, as well as being used referentially, plays a grammatical role in organizing the sentence.     

ACQUISITION AND CROSS-SETTING GENERALIZATION OF MANUAL SIGNS WITH SEVERELY RETARDED INDIVIDUALS

In this study, we assessed the effect of a transfer of stimulus control procedure on the acquisition and cross-setting generalization of manual signs with four profoundly retarded individuals. Two individuals were trained to produce appropriate signs to verbal instructions, whereas the other two were trained until manual signs were controlled by visual stimuli (objects). Data obtained from three probe situations (two for one individual) constituted the dependent variables of the investigation. The results, gathered within a multiple-baseline design across signs showed that (a) individuals acquired the trained signs and (b) maintenance and generalization across settings (classroom, ward) and persons (teachers, ward staff) occurred, but was highly variable between and within individuals.     

The effects of delayed physical prompts and reinforcement on infant sign language acquisition

Researchers and clinicians have recommended that sign language be taught to typically developing children during their first 2 years of life; however, existing research does not provide adequate information regarding appropriate methods of sign training. We used delayed physical prompting and reinforcement to teach manual signs to 3 children between the ages of 6 and 13 months. Data were collected on the occurrence of prompted and independent signs as well as crying. Sign training was successful in producing independent signing in all 3 children in under 4 hr of training per child.     

OVERCOMING AN AUTISTIC CHILD'S FAILURE TO ACQUIRE A TACT REPERTOIRE

A 6-year-old nonvocal autistic girl who had acquired over 30 signs as mands (requests), simple intraverbals (English-sign translations), and imitative responses repeatedly failed to acquire a tact (labeling) repertoire. It was speculated that the verbal stimulus “What is that?” blocked the establishment of stimulus control by nonverbal stimuli. When procedures to transfer stimulus control from verbal to nonverbal stimuli were implemented, the subject quickly learned to tact all 18 target stimuli.     

Body–Mind Integrality: Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Universe and Life

This article summarizes scientific knowledge in the fields of quantum physics and medical science regarding the origin and the nature of the universe and life. The recent discoveries in the fields of biophysics, genetics, epigenetics, neuroscience, and psychosomatics describe the universe and life as highly coherent systems where information is a key factor. In this concept living systems are cognitive networks in a dynamic relationship with their environment. Health in this context is a dynamic balance in a subject in which the information flows functionally. Disease is identified as a pathology of information that can be classified in a new way, considering two different codes of meaning—the semiotic and the symbolic.