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81.
Partly due to everyday products discharge, the presence of micropollutants in the sewage system highly concerns the public authorities and water stakeholders. Our study is focused on the measurement of the intention to substitute usual household products by a “homemade” product more eco-friendly. 304 questionnaires were completed by the inhabitants of the Strasbourg Eurometropole and were analyzed by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The results show that TPB explains 35 % of intention to use the “homemade” product. It seems that the respondents have a positive attitude toward this “homemade” product. It also appears that there is a strong capacity constraint of this product in terms of disinfection although this parameter is essential when choosing a household product. 相似文献
82.
Theory‐of‐Mind development and early sibling relationships after the birth of a sibling: Parental discipline matters
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This study investigated relations among children's Theory‐of‐Mind (ToM) development, early sibling interactions, and parental discipline strategies during the transition to siblinghood. Using a sample of firstborn children and their parents (N = 208), we assessed children's ToM before the birth of a sibling and 12 months after the birth, and sibling interactions (i.e., positive engagement and antagonism) and parental discipline strategies (i.e., child‐centred and parent‐centred discipline) at 4 and 8 months in the first year of siblinghood. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed that children's ToM before the birth of the sibling predicted children's positive engagement with the infant sibling, whereas children's antagonistic behaviours towards the infant sibling negatively predicted children's ToM at 12 months, but only when mothers used low levels of child‐centred discipline. These findings emphasize the role of parents in the development of young children's social‐cognitive understanding in the context of early sibling interactions.
Highlights
- This study investigated relations among firstborns' Theory‐of‐Mind (ToM), early sibling relationships, and parental discipline during the first year of siblinghood.
- Multigroup analyses showed that ToM predicted higher sibling positive engagement, and early sibling antagonism predicted poorer ToM when mothers used low child‐centred discipline.
- Parental discipline plays an important role in the development of young children's social understanding and sibling relationships as early as the first year of siblinghood.
83.
84.
本研究通过高中英语阅读测验实测数据,对比分析双参数逻辑斯蒂克模型 (2PL-IRT)和加入不同数量题组的双参数逻辑斯蒂克模型 (2PL-TRT), 探究题组数量对参数估计及模型拟合的影响。结果表明:(1) 2PL-IRT模型对能力介于-1.50到0.50的被试,能力参数估计偏差较大;(2)将题组效应大于0.50的题组作为局部独立题目纳入模型,会导致部分题目区分度参数的低估和大部分题目难度参数的高估;(3)题组效应越大,将其当作局部独立题目纳入模型估计项目参数的偏差越大。 相似文献
85.
Letting Go: Conceptualizing Intervention De‐implementation in Public Health and Social Service Settings
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Virginia R. McKay Alexandra B. Morshed Ross C. Brownson Enola K. Proctor Beth Prusaczyk 《American journal of community psychology》2018,62(1-2):189-202
The discontinuation of interventions that should be stopped, or de‐implementation, has emerged as a novel line of inquiry within dissemination and implementation science. As this area grows in human services research, like public health and social work, theory is needed to help guide scientific endeavors. Given the infancy of de‐implementation, this conceptual narrative provides a definition and criteria for determining if an intervention should be de‐implemented. We identify three criteria for identifying interventions appropriate for de‐implementation: (a) interventions that are not effective or harmful, (b) interventions that are not the most effective or efficient to provide, and (c) interventions that are no longer necessary. Detailed, well‐documented examples illustrate each of the criteria. We describe de‐implementation frameworks, but also demonstrate how other existing implementation frameworks might be applied to de‐implementation research as a supplement. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of de‐implementation in the context of other stages of implementation, like sustainability and adoption; next steps for de‐implementation research, especially identifying interventions appropriate for de‐implementation in a systematic manner; and highlight special ethical considerations to advance the field of de‐implementation research. 相似文献
86.
Maciej Sendłak 《Metaphilosophy》2018,49(1-2):153-166
The distinction between quantitative and qualitative parsimony is supposed to allow David Lewis to dismiss one of the charges against his modal realism: that is, the charge of bloated ontology. The aim of this paper is to undermine Lewis's response to this objection. In order to do this, a distinction between multipliable and nonmultipliable objects is introduced. Based on this it is argued that the acceptance of Lewis's response requires one to believe in modal realism in the first place—that is, one has to believe in the view that the existence of nonactual spatiotemporal worlds does not affect the quality of the ontological commitment. Although the paper focuses on the problem of the metaphysics of possible worlds, this should be regarded merely as a case study. Accordingly, the results of this analysis should find applications in other metaphysical debates as well. 相似文献
87.
Michael J. Shaffer 《Metaphilosophy》2015,46(4-5):555-563
In this article the standard philosophical method involving intuition‐driven conceptual analysis is challenged in a new way. This orthodox approach to philosophy takes analysanda to be the specifications of the content of concepts in the form of sets of necessary and sufficient conditions. Here it is argued that there is no adequate account of what necessary and sufficient conditions are. So, the targets of applications of the standard philosophical method so understood are not sufficiently well understood for this method to be dependable. 相似文献
88.
Stefan Schubert 《Metaphilosophy》2015,46(2):300-316
This article considers how Ernest Gellner used sociology and anthropology to attack ordinary language philosophy in Words and Things. It argues that this attack can be seen as a part of the movement to make philosophy more empirical or “naturalized,” something that has not been generally noted. It also discusses what general lessons to draw from Words and Things regarding how empirical knowledge should be used in philosophy. Among other things, the article argues that one important lesson is that empirical philosophers should make more use of “soft” social sciences, such as sociology and anthropology, and not focus exclusively on “harder” disciplines, such as physics and experimental psychology. Another upshot of the discussion is that philosophers should draw on empirical knowledge not only when they solve problems but also when they formulate them. 相似文献
89.
Are Automatic Conceptual Cores the Gold Standard of Semantic Processing? The Context‐Dependence of Spatial Meaning in Grounded Congruency Effects
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Lauren A. M. Lebois Christine D. Wilson‐Mendenhall Lawrence W. Barsalou 《Cognitive Science》2015,39(8):1764-1801
According to grounded cognition, words whose semantics contain sensory‐motor features activate sensory‐motor simulations, which, in turn, interact with spatial responses to produce grounded congruency effects (e.g., processing the spatial feature of up for sky should be faster for up vs. down responses). Growing evidence shows these congruency effects do not always occur, suggesting instead that the grounded features in a word's meaning do not become active automatically across contexts. Researchers sometimes use this as evidence that concepts are not grounded, further concluding that grounded information is peripheral to the amodal cores of concepts. We first review broad evidence that words do not have conceptual cores, and that even the most salient features in a word's meaning are not activated automatically. Then, in three experiments, we provide further evidence that grounded congruency effects rely dynamically on context, with the central grounded features in a concept becoming active only when the current context makes them salient. Even when grounded features are central to a word's meaning, their activation depends on task conditions. 相似文献
90.
Social attention is thought to require detecting the eyes of others and following their gaze. To be effective, observers must also be able to infer the person's thoughts and feelings about what he or she is looking at, but this has only rarely been investigated in laboratory studies. In this study, participants' eye movements were recorded while they chose which of four patterns they preferred. New observers were subsequently able to reliably guess the preference response by watching a replay of the fixations. Moreover, when asked to mislead the person guessing, participants changed their looking behavior and guessing success was reduced. In a second experiment, naïve participants could also guess the preference of the original observers but were unable to identify trials which were lies. These results confirm that people can spontaneously use the gaze of others to infer their judgments, but also that these inferences are open to deception. 相似文献