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《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2018,59(4):428-432
Clinically, there is an overlap of several symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD ), including fatigue; brain “fog”; cognitive impairments; increased sensitivity to sound, light, and odour; increased pain and tenderness; and impaired emotional contact. Adults with CFS (n = 59) or ASD (n = 50) and healthy controls (HC ; n = 53) were assessed with the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ ) in a cross‐sectional study. Non‐parametric analysis was used to compare AQ scores among the groups. Univariate analysis of variance (ANCOVA ) was used to identify if age, sex, or diagnostic group influenced the differences in scores. Patients with ASD scored significantly higher on the AQ than the CFS group and the HC group. No differences in AQ scores were found between the CFS and HC groups. AQ results were influenced by the diagnostic group but not by age or sex, according to ANCOVA . Despite clinical observations of symptom overlap between ASD and CFS , adult patients with CFS report few autistic traits in the self‐report instrument, the AQ . The choice of instrument to assess autistic traits may influence the results. 相似文献
374.
Gontijo AP Mancini MC Silva PL Chagas PS Sampaio RF Luz RE Fonseca ST 《Human movement science》2008,27(4):610-621
During gait acquisition, children learn to use their changing resources to meet the requirements of the task. Compared to typically developing toddlers (TD), toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) have functionally different musculoskeletal characteristics, such as hypotonia, and joint and ligament laxity, that could produce a reduced passive stiffness. The interplay between this inherently lower passive stiffness and the demands of walking may result in different strategies during gait acquisition. This study compared normalized global stiffness and lower limb's co-contraction indices (CCI) used by toddlers with TD (n=12) and with DS (n=12), during the early stages of gait acquisition. Stiffness and CCI were normalized by gravitational torque (mLg) in both phases of gait (stance, swing). Five longitudinal evaluations were conducted from the onset of locomotion until three months post-acquisition. All children were video taped and had electromyographic (EMG) recordings from muscle pairs of one leg, which were used to calculate CCI of hip, knee, ankle, and total leg CCI. Body and lower limb stiffness were calculated according to a hybrid pendulum resonance equation. Results from ANOVAs revealed no group differences on stiffness or on CCI's during stance but children with DS showed greater CCI during swing. Despite the structural musculoskeletal differences between toddlers with TD and with DS, the similarities observed in their processes of gait development suggest functional equivalences. 相似文献
375.
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder often described as being characterized by a dissociative cognitive architecture, in which profound impairments of visuo-spatial cognition contrast with relative preservation of linguistic, face recognition and auditory short-memory abilities. This asymmetric and dissociative cognition has been also proposed to characterize WS memory ability, with sparing of auditory short-term memory and impairment of spatial and long-term memory abilities. In this study, we explored the possibility of a double memory dissociation in WS (short- versus long-term memory; verbal versus visual memory). Thus, verbal memory abilities were assessed using California Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Corsi Blocks was used to assess visual-spatial memory abilities. Overall, WS subjects were found to present a generalized significant impairment in verbal and visuo-spatial components either in short- or long-term memory. In sum, data from this study brings support for a developmental delay hypothesis, rather than a double dissociation within memory systems in WS. 相似文献
376.
The current study evaluated the effects of tokens delivered on differential reinforcement of zero-rate behavior (DRO) schedules or noncontingently on tic suppression in 4 children with tics. Tic frequency was lower in 3 of 4 children when tokens were delivered contingent on the absence of tics than when tokens were delivered noncontingently. 相似文献
377.
Jay Lombard 《Synthese》2008,162(3):439-450
Daniel Kolak’s theory of synchronic consciousness according to which the entire range of dissociative phenomena, from pathologies
such as MPD and schizophrenia to normal dream states, are best explained in terms of consciousness becoming simultaneously
identified as many selves, has revolutionary therapeutic implications for neurology and psychiatry. All these selves, according
to Kolak—even the purely imaginary ones that exist as such only in our dreams—are not just conscious but also self-conscious,
with beliefs, intentions, living lives informed by memories (confabulatory, in the case of the fictional ones) and personal
histories. Kolak’s derivation of psychiatrically relevant aspects of his theory—a neurological rendition of a Kantian transcendental
argument—can be given a straightforward neurological, and therefore open to scientific scrutiny, interpretation that would
then more easily lend itself to the clinical setting in which these perplexing phenomena, along with their purveyors, must
live and cope. This will be the main focus of this paper. 相似文献
378.
代谢综合征的概念由来已久,迄今已有数千个围绕代谢综合征的相关研究,探讨其病理生理机制、诊断标准、流行病学、与心血管疾病的相关性及治疗等。然而近年来,代谢综合征的临床适用性及对心血管病和糖尿病的防治意义被质疑,引发了诸多争议。对于“代谢综合征之去留”问题,目前仍不是盖棺定论之时。 相似文献
379.
代谢综合征发病机制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改变,代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的患病率逐年上升。代谢综合征是一种涉及多种代谢异常、与心血管病紧密联系的疾病状态。肥胖或超重、糖调节异常或糖尿病、高血压和高血脂是MS的重要组成元素。代谢综合征一直是人们关注的热点,但截止目前确切机制仍不明确。主要围绕肥胖与胰岛素抵抗展开研究,特别是在脂毒性和脂肪分泌因子的调控以及各种炎性因子的影响方面取得了一些进展。 相似文献
380.
Gabriella Seres Zoltán Kovács Ágota Kovács Olga Kerékgyártó Krisztina Sárdi Pál Demeter Eszter Mészáros Ferenc Túry 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(4):287-295
The primary aim of this study was to measure psychological distress, pain severity, health related quality of life (QOL) and
pain coping strategies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A second aim was to determine
the influence of somatic and psychological variables on health related QOL. Eighty-eight IBS and 66 UC patients completed
the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire (IBSQOL), Pain Severity Scale of West Haven Yale Multidimensional
Pain Inventory (WHYMPY), Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). T-tests and GLM Analysis of Covariance were used for statistical analysis. IBS patients had significantly higher levels of
psychological distress, pain severity and maladaptive pain coping strategies (catastrophization), and lower QOL than UC patients.
Variance of QOL in IBS was explained for the most part by catastrophization (15%), then by psychological distress (8%), and
for the less part by pain severity (5%). In UC, pain severity explained 21%, psychological distress 8%, and catastrophization
3% of the variance of QOL. These results suggest there are differences between IBS and UC patients in the role of physical
and psychological factors in QOL and emphasize the importance of cognitive processes in IBS. 相似文献