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131.
This study was aimed at uncovering physical and geometric properties that make a particular landmark a target of exploration
and navigation. Rats were tested in a square open-field arena with additional portable corners featuring the same properties
as the arena corners. It was found that the routes of progression converged upon the added corners, whether located at the
arena wall or the arena center. Route convergence upon the added corners involved numerous visits to these corners. However,
time spent at the added corners was relatively short compared with the arena corners, including that from which rats were
introduced into the arena. There was no differential effect of testing rats in light or dark, or with a low versus a high
portable corner. It is suggested that the added corners were distinct against the background of the arena enclosure, whereas
the four arena corners and walls were encoded by the rats as one geometric module. This distinctness, together with the greater
accessibility of the added corners, made them salient landmarks and a target of exploration. Thus, the impact of a landmark
extended beyond its specific self-geometry to include accessibility and distinctness, which are contextual properties. In addition to the contextual impact on locomotor behavior there was also a temporal effect,
with security initially dominating the rats’ behavior but then declining along with an increased attraction to salient landmarks.
These spatiotemporal patterns characterized behavior in both lit and dark arenas, indicating that distal cues were secondary
to local proximal cues in shaping routes. 相似文献
132.
Lou Goble 《Studia Logica》2007,85(2):171-197
The results of this paper extend some of the intimate relations that are known to obtain between combinatory logic and certain
substructural logics to establish a general characterization theorem that applies to a very broad family of such logics. In
particular, I demonstrate that, for every combinator X, if LX is the logic that results by adding the set of types assigned to X (in an appropriate type assignment system, TAS) as axioms
to the basic positive relevant logic B∘T, then LX is sound and complete with respect to the class of frames in the Routley-Meyer relational semantics for relevant and substructural
logics that meet a first-order condition that corresponds in a very direct way to the structure of the combinator X itself.
Presented by Rob Goldblatt 相似文献
133.
Phiniki Stouppa 《Studia Logica》2007,85(2):199-214
We present a cut-admissible system for the modal logic S5 in a formalism that makes explicit and intensive use of deep inference.
Deep inference is induced by the methods applied so far in conceptually pure systems for this logic. The system enjoys systematicity
and modularity, two important properties that should be satisfied by modal systems. Furthermore, it enjoys a simple and direct
design: the rules are few and the modal rules are in exact correspondence to the modal axioms.
Presented by Heinrich Wansing 相似文献
134.
Denis Béchet 《Studia Logica》2007,87(2-3):199-224
The paper presents a way to transform pregroup grammars into contextfree grammars using functional composition. The same technique can also be used for the proof-nets of multiplicative cyclic linear logic and for Lambek calculus allowing
empty premises. 相似文献
135.
136.
采用理性—经验思维方式量表对105名大学生进行测量,选出高、低理性思维方式各35名大学生进行实验,探讨了逻辑训练对不同理性思维方式大学生三段论推理的影响。结果表明:(1)高理性思维方式个体三段论推理的平均反应时快于低理性思维方式个体;非冲突类型题目推理的平均正确率高于冲突类型题目;逻辑训练可以提高个体三段论推理的平均反应时和正确率;(2)逻辑训练后非冲突任务类型题目的平均正确率高于冲突任务类型题目;(3)逻辑训练对低理性思维方式个体冲突任务类型题目平均正确率的提高效果更明显。这意味着逻辑训练可以显著提升个体的推理成绩,但不能完全消除信念偏差对推理的影响,而且逻辑训练对低理性思维方式个体推理成绩的提升效果更加明显。 相似文献
137.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(9):1665-1684
The ability of animals to find important goals in their environment has been said to require a form of learning that is qualitatively different from that normally studied in the conditioning laboratory. Such spatial learning has been said to depend upon the construction of a global representation of the environment, and the acquisition of knowledge about the position of goals with reference to this representation is said to be unaffected by the presence of other cues or landmarks. To evaluate the first of these claims, experiments are described that investigated the extent to which the effects of training in one environment transfer to another. To evaluate the second claim, experiments are described that investigated whether cue competition effects normally found in conditioning studies can be found in spatial tasks. Overall, the results indicate that most of the phenomena of spatial learning can be explained by the principles of associative learning. The implications of the reported results for an understanding of the neural mechanisms of spatial learning are considered. 相似文献
138.
In this paper we address the problem of combining a logic with nonmonotonic modal logic. In particular we study the intuitionistic case. We start from a formal analysis of the notion of intuitionistic consistency via the sequent calculus. The epistemic operator M is interpreted as the consistency operator of intuitionistic logic by introducing intuitionistic stable sets. On the basis of a bimodal structure we also provide a semantics for intuitionistic stable sets. 相似文献
139.
A very simple many-valued predicate calculus is presented; a completeness theorem is proved and the arithmetical complexity of some notions concerning provability is determined. 相似文献
140.
This paper investigates partitions of lattices of modal logics based on superintuitionistic logics which are defined by forming, for each superintuitionistic logic L and classical modal logic , the set L[] of L-companions of . Here L[] consists of those modal logics whose non-modal fragments coincide with L and which axiomatize if the law of excluded middle p V p is added. Questions addressed are, for instance, whether there exist logics with the disjunction property in L[], whether L[] contains a smallest element, and whether L[] contains lower covers of . Positive solutions as concerns the last question show that there are (uncountably many) superclean modal logics based on intuitionistic logic in the sense of Vakarelov [28]. Thus a number of problems stated in [28] are solved. As a technical tool the paper develops the splitting technique for lattices of modal logics based on superintuitionistic logics and ap plies duality theory from [34]. 相似文献