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81.
Liver cancer is quite common type of cancer among individuals worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the malignancy of liver cancer. It has high impact on individual’s life and investigating it early can decline the number of annual deaths. This study proposes a new machine learning approach to detect HCC using 165 patients. Ten well-known machine learning algorithms are employed. In the preprocessing step, the normalization approach is used. The genetic algorithm coupled with stratified 5-fold cross-validation method is applied twice, first for parameter optimization and then for feature selection. In this work, support vector machine (SVM) (type C-SVC) with new 2level genetic optimizer (genetic training) and feature selection yielded the highest accuracy and F1-Score of 0.8849 and 0.8762 respectively. Our proposed model can be used to test the performance with huge database and aid the clinicians. 相似文献
82.
Ormond K 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(2):85-88
This 2004 Presidential Address was presented at the annual education conference of the National Society of Genetic Counselors in Washington DC on October 9, 2004. 相似文献
83.
从中西医学的竞争和渗透谈现代中医临床思维的变革 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
徐承祖 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1998,19(12):626-629
现代中医的临床思维正在发生着变革,一个以辨病为纲,辨证为目,辨病论治为经,辨证论治为纬的临床思维新模式,已经呼之欲出。这正是21世纪中医学发展的必由之路,学术界必从唯物辩证法的角度来审视这场变革,并因其势而利导之。 相似文献
84.
Active learning is a machine learning paradigm allowing to decide which inputs to use for training. It is introduced to Genetic Programming (GP) essentially thanks to the dynamic data sampling, used to address some known issues such as the computational cost, the over-fitting problem and the imbalanced databases. The traditional dynamic sampling for GP gives to the algorithm a new sample periodically, often each generation, without considering the state of the evolution. In so doing, individuals do not have enough time to extract the hidden knowledge. An alternative approach is to use some information about the learning state to adapt the periodicity of the training data change. In this work, we propose an adaptive sampling strategy for classification tasks based on the state of solved fitness cases throughout learning. It is a flexible approach that could be applied with any dynamic sampling. We implemented some sampling algorithms extended with dynamic and adaptive controlling re-sampling frequency. We experimented them to solve the KDD intrusion detection and the Adult incomes prediction problems with GP. The experimental study demonstrates how the sampling frequency control preserves the power of dynamic sampling with possible improvements in learning time and quality. We also demonstrate that adaptive sampling can be an alternative to multi-level sampling. This work opens many new relevant extension paths. 相似文献
85.
《Médecine & Droit》2021,2021(170):83-87
A patient suffers of a genetical disease. He does not wish to inform his family. Is he responsible for a lost of chances of his parents, chances to prevent the disease, or to receive care? Is there a second class of patients? 相似文献
86.
Michael D. Barber 《Husserl Studies》2008,24(2):79-97
John McDowell rejects the idea that non-conceptual content can rationally justify empirical claims—a task for which it is
ill-fitted by its non-conceptual nature. This paper considers three possible objections to his views: he cannot distinguish
empty conception from the perceptual experience of an object; perceptual discrimination outstrips the capacity of concepts
to keep pace; and experience of the empirical world is more extensive than the conceptual focusing within it. While endorsing
McDowell’s rejection of what he means by non-conceptual content, and appreciating his insight into the experiential synthesis
of intuition and conception (in particular, its role in grasping objects), I will argue that Edmund Husserl presents an even
more comprehensive account of perceptual experience that explains how we experience the contribution of receptivity and sensibility
and how they cooperate in perceptual discrimination. Further, it reveals “horizons”—a unique kind of contents, surplus content
(rather than independent non-conceptual content)—beyond the synthesis of intuitive and conceptual contents through which objects
are grasped. Such horizons play a constitutive role, making experience with its conceptual dimensions and justificatory potential
possible; they in no way function like a bare given that is to fulfill some independent justificatory role. Whereas McDowell
focuses on how experience does not take place in isolation from the exercise of conceptual capacities, Husserl complements
his view by situating experience in a more encompassing whole and by elucidating the surplus-horizons that exceed the conceptual
content of experience; play an inseparable, constitutive role within it; and indicate the limits of conceptual comprehension.
相似文献
Michael D. BarberEmail: |
87.
Sivell S Elwyn G Gaff CL Clarke AJ Iredale R Shaw C Dundon J Thornton H Edwards A 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(1):30-63
As an individual’s understanding of their genetic risk may influence risk management decisions, it is important to understand
the ways in which risk is constructed and interpreted. We systematically reviewed the literature, undertaking a narrative synthesis
of 59 studies presenting data on the ways in which individuals perceive, construct and interpret their risk, and the subsequent
effects. While most studies assessed perceived risk quantitatively, the combined evidence suggests individuals find risk difficult
to accurately quantify, with a tendency to overestimate. Rather than being a stand-alone concept, risk is something lived
and experienced and the process of constructing risk is complex and influenced by many factors. While evidence of the effects
of perceived risk is limited and inconsistent, there is some evidence to suggest high risk estimations may adversely affect
health and lead to inappropriate uptake of medical surveillance and preventative measures by some individuals. A more focused
approach to research is needed with greater exploration of the ways in which risk is constructed, along with the development
of stronger theoretical models, to facilitate effective and patient-centered counseling strategies. 相似文献
88.
89.
The role of a genetic counselor often entails providing education to patient, community and/or health professional groups.
While counseling supervision assists genetic counselors to be reflective about their clinical work and to enhance clinical
skills, evaluation is a rather analogous process in the provision of education. Program evaluation of education activities
can be applied to provide information about the needs of the target group (needs assessment), the delivery of the program
(process evaluation) as well as determining the extent to which the education activity has met its intended aims (summative
evaluation). Evaluation assists the educator to assess the impact of their program and provides an evidence base about genetics
education. Although program evaluation can be a complex activity, the tools are ones that can be used by individuals to evaluate
single or simple education activities. The components of evaluation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling practice
and three very different examples of actual evaluations are provided to illustrate the diversity of evaluation strategy and
programs to which it can be applied. 相似文献
90.
Wendy Johnson Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. Matt McGue Nancy L. Segal Auke Tellegen Margaret Keyes Irving I. Gottesman 《Intelligence》2007,35(6):542-562
In previous papers [Johnson, W., & Bouchard Jr., T. J. (2005a). Constructive Replication of the Visual-Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) Model in Thurstone's (1941) Battery of 60 Tests of Mental Ability. Intelligence, 33, 417–430.] [Johnson, W., & Bouchard Jr., T. J. (2005b). The Structure of Human Intelligence: It's Verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not Fluid and Crystallized. Intelligence, 33, 393–416.] we have proposed the Verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR) model of the structure of mental abilities. The VPR model is hierarchical, with a g factor that contributes strongly to broad verbal, perceptual, and image rotation abilities, which in turn contribute to 8 more specialized abilities. The verbal and perceptual abilities, though separable, are highly correlated, as are the perceptual and mental rotation abilities. The verbal and mental rotation abilities are much less correlated. In this study we used the twin sample in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart to estimate the genetic and environmental influences and the correlations among them at each order of the VPR model. Genetic influences accounted for 67–79% of the variance throughout the model, with the exception of the second-stratum Content Memory factor, which showed 33% genetic influence. These influences could not be attributed to assessed similarity of rearing environment. Genetic correlations closely mirrored the phenotypic correlations. Together, these findings substantiate the theory that the entire structure of mental abilities is strongly influenced by genes. 相似文献