Analysis of regional environment and regional innovation strategy based on cybernetics

In this paper, based on the perspective of carbon emissions, the regional environment and regional innovation strategies were analyzed by using cybernetics. The main idea was to calibrate the diesel engine simulation model with predictive function based on the data collected from the bench test, and then according to the simulation model, the genetic algorithm was applied to optimize the EGR parameters and fuel injection parameters with the target of emission generation and output torque. First of all, the combustion process and emission performance of diesel engine with internal exhaust re-circulation were studied by genetic algorithm, and the genetic algorithm model was constructed. Then, the genetic algorithm program was written based on Matlab. In addition, taking the NOx emission as the target, and the Soot emission and the output torque of the original machine as constraints, through the joint simulation of Matlab and GT-Power, the EGR parameters and fuel injection parameters of the 10% to 50% load conditions were optimized at the speed of 1500 r/min and 2000 r/min. Finally, the validity of this method was verified and analyzed.     

应用决策树探讨中国当代大学生情感素质下属各情感的相互关系

为深入了解大学生情感素质及其下属情感的相互关系,本文在已有全国大学生情感素质调查的基础上,利用决策树算法对大学生的情感素质及其下属情感(道德情感、生活情感、情绪智力)进行预测分类。结果表明:(1)决策树可以有效地对大学生情感素质下属各情感进行预测分类;(2)按属性重要性提取规则,道德情感对情感素质影响最大,生活情感次之;责任感对道德情感影响较大;自强感对生活情感有较强影响;理解他人情绪能力对情绪智力的影响较大。     

分离型的多级评分认知诊断模型开发及其应用研究

本文基于DINO模型开发出一种分离型的多级评分认知诊断模型(P-DINO模型),并采用Monte Carlo模拟与实证研究相结合的范式,探讨了新模型的性能与有效性。结果表明:(1)P-DINO模型参数估计精度较好,参数估计的稳健性较强。(2)采用MCMC算法可以实现该模型的参数估计,估计结果较理想。(3)测验长度的增加能有效提高模型的判准率,被试人数的增加对判准率的提高相对较小,属性个数的增加会降低判准率。(4)在抑郁症状评估中,P-DINO模型的表现要优于DINO模型与传统的抑郁症状评估。     

Neuroticism and extraversion share genetic and environmental effects with negative and positive mood spillover in a nationally representative sample

Work-family spillover research focuses on how negative and positive moods in one life domain carry over to another. Domain-specific etiologies (e.g., family conflict) are often emphasized to explain spillover. Yet, strong correlations exist between spillover variables of the same emotional valence but originating from different domains, suggesting individual differences in the tendencies to prolong mood-states. The current study (N = 1143 individuals) examined whether these general tendencies are associated with neuroticism and extraversion and how genetic and environmental effects contribute to these associations. Findings revealed that neuroticism and extraversion are related to these tendencies through both genetic and environmental pathways.     

Differential Genetic and Environmental Influences on Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children

While significant heritability for childhood aggression has been claimed, it is not known whether there are differential genetic and environmental contributions to proactive and reactive forms of aggression in children. This study quantifies genetic and environmental contributions to these two forms of aggression in an ethnically diverse urban sample of 9–10 year old twins (N = 1219), and compares results across different informants (child self-report, mother, and teacher ratings) using the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). Confirmatory factor analysis of RPQ items indicated a significant and strong fit for a two-factor proactive–reactive model which was significantly superior to a one-factor model and which replicated across gender as well as the three informant sources. Males scored significantly higher than females on both self-report reactive and proactive aggression, findings that replicated on mother and teacher versions of the RPQ. Asian–Americans scored lower than most ethnic groups on reactive aggression yet were equivalent to Caucasians on proactive aggression. African–Americans scored higher than other ethnic groups on all measures of aggression except caregiver reports. Heritable influences were found for both forms of aggression across informants, but while boys’ self-reports revealed genetic influences on proactive (50%) and reactive (38%) aggression, shared and non-shared environmental influences almost entirely accounted for girls’ self-report reactive and proactive aggression. Although genetic correlations between reactive and proactive aggression were significant across informants, there was evidence that the genetic correlation was less than unity in boys self reported aggression, indicating that genetic factors differ for proactive and reactive aggression. These findings provide the first evidence for varying genetic and environmental etiologies for reactive and proactive aggression across gender, and provide additional support for distinction between these two forms of aggression.     

Psychiatric Disorders in Clinical Genetics I: Addressing Family Histories of Psychiatric Illness

This is the first article of a two-part professional development series addressing genetic counseling for personal and family histories of psychiatric disorders. It is based on an Educational Breakout Session presented by the Psychiatric Special Interest Group of the National Society of Genetic Counselors at the 2006 Annual Education Conference. This article examines issues that arise in addressing family histories of psychiatric illness, while the second article in the series considers the generation and provision of individualized recurrence risks for psychiatric disorders. In this article we discuss the importance of managing uncertainty for affected individuals and their close family members who have been referred to genetics for a number of different indications. We then use four simulated cases to make recommendations about the scope and timing of discussions related to the psychiatric family history.     

Gene Concepts and Genethics: Beyond Exceptionalism

The discursive explosion that was provoked by the new genetics could support the impression that the ethical and social problems posed by the new genetics are somehow exceptional in their very nature. According to this view we are faced with special ethical and social problems that create a challenge so fundamental that the special label of genethics is needless to justify. The historical account regarding the evolution of the gene concepts could serve us to highlight the limits of what we know about genes and what we can do with genes. The widespread notion about the exceptionality of genetic knowledge and its applicative possibilities is hardly justifiable and leads to misunderstandings regarding the conceptualization of the ethical and social problems we might face. Following a more realistic interpretation of the role of genes in human life we might avoid a whole set of fictive dilemmas and counterproductive regulatory efforts in bioethics. Bioethical discourse should move from the gene-centered scientific discourse toward the more sophisticated and complex discourses where human development represented as a matter of complex interactions between genomes and environments, between genes, educational factors, nutritional regimes, and other different developmental resources. If a gene is seen as one among the different developmental resources that are shaping a given human trait then both genethics and genetic exceptionalism could hardly be represented as a justified approach in discussing the ethical and social problems of genetics.     

Bayesian Hierarchical Classes Analysis

Hierarchical classes models are models for N-way N-mode data that represent the association among the N modes and simultaneously yield, for each mode, a hierarchical classification of its elements. In this paper we present a stochastic extension of the hierarchical classes model for two-way two-mode binary data. In line with the original model, the new probabilistic extension still represents both the association among the two modes and the hierarchical classifications. A fully Bayesian method for fitting the new model is presented and evaluated in a simulation study. Furthermore, we propose tools for model selection and model checking based on Bayes factors and posterior predictive checks. We illustrate the advantages of the new approach with applications in the domain of the psychology of choice and psychiatric diagnosis. Iwin Leenen is now at the Instituto Mexicano de Investigación de Familia y Población (IMIFAP), Mexico. The research reported in this paper was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (programa Ramón y Cajal) and by the Research Council of K.U.Leuven (PDM/99/037, GOA/2000/02, and GOA/2005/04). The authors are grateful to Johannes Berkhof for fruitful discussions.     

多维项目反应理论：参数估计及其在心理测验中的应用

本研究介绍并引进了现代测量理论中的前沿技术—— 多维项目反应理论, 采用MCMC算法实现了其参数估计; 并将MIRT应用于瑞文高级推理测验, 以探讨MIRT在心理测验中的具体应用。研究结果表明：(1)本研究自主编制的MIRT参数估计程序基本可行, 其估计的精度与国外研究结论相当甚至更好。(2)在测验维度和样本容量两因素完全随机实验设计下(2×3), 随着被试和题目样本容量的增加, MIRT参数估计的精度越高且估计的稳定性越强; 但随着测验维度的增加, MIRT参数估计精度和稳定性均随之降低。(3)MIRT对心理测验的分析比UIRT能提供更为精确和细致的信息。它对心理测验的编制、开发及评价具有重要的指导和参考价值, 值得引进及借鉴。