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排序方式: 共有131条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(12):2360-2380
Implicit learning is the acquisition of complex information without the intention to learn. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temporal regularities on the implicit learning of an artificial pitch grammar. According to the dynamic attending theory (DAT) external regularities can entrain internal oscillators that guide attention over time, inducing temporal expectations that influence perception of future events. In the present study, the presentation of the artificial pitch grammar in the exposure phase was temporally either regular or irregular for one of two participant groups. Based on the DAT, it was hypothesized that the regular temporal presentation would favour implicit learning of tone structures in comparison to the irregular temporal presentation. Results demonstrated learning of the artificial grammar for the group with the regular exposure phase and partial learning for the group with the irregular exposure phase. These findings suggest that the regular presentation helps listeners to develop perceptual expectations about the temporal occurrence of future tones and thus facilitates the learning of the artificial pitch grammar. 相似文献
32.
人工语法中的内隐学习实验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
用Reber等人发明的人工语法和人工语法学习程序,研究在复杂规则学习中的内隐学习与外显学习过程.实验结果发现内隐学习中启动效应存在,内隐学习效应明显,支持Reber等人提出的内隐学习理论;对内隐记忆与外显记忆关系的研究,支持杨治良等(1998)提出的内隐和外显记忆的"钢筋水泥"结构性模型的假设. 相似文献
33.
We define an automata-theoretic counterpart of (type-logical)grammars based on the (associative) Lambek-calculus L, a prominentformalism in computational linguistics. While the usual push-downautomaton (PDA) has the same weak generative power as the L-basedgrammars (Pentus, 1995), there is no direct relationship betweenthe computations of a PDA for some language L and the derivationsof an L-based grammar for L. In the Lambek-automaton, on theother hand, there is a tight relation (1-1) between automatoncomputations and grammar derivations. The automaton exhibitsa novel mode of operation, using hypothetical steps, directlyinspired by the hypothetical reasoning embodied by L. 相似文献
34.
The Lambek calculus introduced in Lambek [6] is a strengthening of the type reduction calculus of Ajdukiewicz [1]. We study
Associative Lambek Calculus L in Gentzen style axiomatization enriched with a finite set Γ of nonlogical axioms, denoted by
L(Γ).It is known that finite axiomatic extensions of Associative Lambek Calculus generate all recursively enumerable languages
(see Buszkowski [2]). Then we confine nonlogical axioms to sequents of the form p → q, where p and q are atomic types. For calculus L(Γ) we prove interpolation lemma (modifying the Roorda proof for L [10]) and the binary reduction
lemma (using the Pentus method [9] with modification from [3]). In consequence we obtain the weak equivalence of the Context-Free
Grammars and grammars based on L(Γ). 相似文献
35.
Glossolalia (“speaking in tongues”) is a rhythmic utterance of word-like strings of sounds, regularly occurring in religious mass gatherings or various forms of private religious practices (e.g., prayer and meditation). Although specific verbal learning capacities may characterize glossolalists, empirical evidence is lacking. We administered three statistical learning tasks (artificial grammar, phoneme sequence, and visual-response sequence) to 30 glossolalists and 30 matched control volunteers. In artificial grammar, participants decide whether pseudowords and sentences follow previously acquired implicit rules or not. In sequence learning, they gradually draw out rules from repeating regularities in sequences of speech sounds or motor responses. Results revealed enhanced artificial grammar and phoneme sequence learning performances in glossolalists compared to control volunteers. There were significant positive correlations between daily glossolalia activity and artificial grammar learning. These results indicate that glossolalists exhibit enhanced abilities to extract the statistical regularities of verbal information, which may be related to their unusual language abilities. 相似文献
36.
Three experiments explored the extent to which surface features explain discrimination between grammatical and non-grammatical strings in artificial grammar learning (AGL). Experiment 1 replicated Knowlton and Squire’s (1996) paradigm using either letter strings as in the original study, or an analogous set of color strings to further explore if learning was affected by type of stimuli. Learning arose only with letter strings, but the results were mostly due to the discrimination of non-grammatical strings containing highly salient illegal features. Experiments 2 and 3 tested a new grammar devised to control for those features. Experiment 2 showed reduced grammar learning effects, and again only for letter materials. Experiment 3 explored the effect of additional practice with letter stimuli, and found increased learning only in the spaced practice condition, though additional practice also produced more explicit knowledge. These findings call for further research on the boundary conditions of learning in AGL paradigms. 相似文献
37.
Barbara Dziemidowicz-Gryz 《Studia Logica》2007,85(2):153-169
In this paper we present learning algorithms for classes of categorial grammars restricted by negative constraints. We modify
learning functions of Kanazawa [10] and apply them to these classes of grammars. We also prove the learnability of intersection
of the class of minimal grammars with the class of k-valued grammars.
Presented by Wojciech Buszkowski 相似文献
38.
Jakob Hohwy 《Synthese》2007,159(3):315-328
Different cognitive functions recruit a number of different, often overlapping, areas of the brain. Theories in cognitive
and computational neuroscience are beginning to take this kind of functional integration into account. The contributions to
this special issue consider what functional integration tells us about various aspects of the mind such as perception, language,
volition, agency, and reward. Here, I consider how and why functional integration may matter for the mind; I discuss a general
theoretical framework, based on generative models, that may unify many of the debates surrounding functional integration and
the mind; and I briefly introduce each of the contributions. 相似文献
39.
40.
In their 2002 seminal paper Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch hypothesize that recursion is the only human-specific and language-specific mechanism of the faculty of language. While debate focused primarily on the meaning of recursion in the hypothesis and on the human-specific and syntax-specific character of recursion, the present work focuses on the claim that recursion is language-specific. We argue that there are recursive structures in the domain of motor intentionality by way of extending John R. Searle’s analysis of intentional action. We then discuss evidence from cognitive science and neuroscience supporting the claim that motor-intentional recursion is language-independent and suggest some explanatory hypotheses: (1) linguistic recursion is embodied in sensory-motor processing; (2) linguistic and motor-intentional recursions are distinct and mutually independent mechanisms. Finally, we propose some reflections about the epistemic status of HCF as presenting an empirically falsifiable hypothesis, and on the possibility of testing recursion in different cognitive domains. 相似文献