Rebecca A. Groff  Cathleen C. Piazza  Valerie M. Volkert  Candice M. Jostad 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2014,47(4):834-839

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Andrew Cook  Sharon Bradley‐Johnson  C. Merle Johnson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2014,47(1):160-164

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Richard J. May  Simon Dymond  Robert Whelan 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2014,101(1):51-60

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Sabine Roeser 《Metaphilosophy》2014,45(4-5):640-653

People can be risk seeking and risk averse, but people can also be uncertainty averse: in other words, if risk is at least the possibility of an unwanted affect, then it is not only the unwanted effect that they want to avoid, it can also be the uncertainty inherent in the possibility that they wish to avoid. This uncertainty aversion can even lead to a state where someone prefers a certain outcome at all costs, even when it is the worst case. This gives rise to the following paradox: the worst case seems to be more acceptable than the state where there is still a chance that it will not materialize. We can call this the Unbearable Uncertainty Paradox. This essay provides a first conceptual sketch of this phenomenon that seems to be widespread but nevertheless does not appear to have been identified before, either by philosophers or by psychologists.  相似文献   

    

Rie Kubota  Reginald D.V. Nixon  Junwen Chen 《Australian journal of psychology》2015,67(2):75-86

Comorbid depression is known to contribute to the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) including distressing intrusive trauma memories. It is theorised that depression is a risk factor for persistent PTSD through preventing optimal habituation of distress provoked by trauma memories and reminders, but the underlying cognitive mechanisms responsible are uncertain. The present study investigated trauma‐related rumination as a possible mediator for the effect of depression on trauma intrusions. Participants received a low mood induction or control procedure. Following viewing an analogue trauma film, frequency of film‐related intrusions and associated distress levels were measured and at 1‐week follow‐up. Between the two occasions, participants rated their levels of rumination about the film. Existing depression symptoms but not induced momentary sad mood predicted frequency of film intrusions and associated distress at 1‐week follow‐up. Some evidence was found that ruminative trauma processing mediated the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and later intrusion frequency and associated distress. Future research is warranted to better understand the role of rumination in the depression–intrusion relationship, which may shed light on the clinical applicability of rumination‐targeted intervention for PTSD and comorbid depression.  相似文献   

    

Martin J. Dorahy  Charlotte Renouf  Amy Rowlands  Donncha Hanna  Eileen Britt  Janet D. Carter 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(3):246-258

This study examined the direct and indirect effects of cognitions and anxiety associated with aftershocks on psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, acute stress) and daily functioning (general and relationship). Participants were 600 adults from Christchurch, New Zealand. Data collection was approximately four months after the fatal 2011 earthquake. Path analysis was used for modelling. Socioeconomic status was directly associated with appraisals of uncontrollability of response to aftershocks. These cognitions were directly related to aftershock anxiety, which heightened general anxiety, depression, and acute stress symptoms. These symptoms were directly associated with relationship and general life dysfunction. Aftershock anxiety plays a significant role in ongoing psychological distress associated with earthquakes.  相似文献   

    

Philip Hyland  Mark Shevlin  Maj Hansen  Frédérique Vallières  Jamie Murphy  Ask Elklit 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(6):492-506

This prospective study assessed the temporal relationships between the symptom clusters of PTSD in two nonprobability samples of treatment-seeking victims of sexual abuse: rape victims and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Both groups were assessed at three time periods using self-report measures of PTSD symptomology. Findings from two cross-lagged panel analyses indicated weak temporal relationships between the symptom clusters of PTSD; however, avoidance and emotional numbing symptoms were found to exert the strongest cross-lagged effects. Avoidance and emotional numbing symptoms were also found to be the strongest predictor of subsequently meeting caseness for PTSD in both samples. Results suggest that there are minimal cross-lagged effects between the PTSD symptom clusters after three months from traumatic exposure.  相似文献   

    

Güler Boyraz  J. Brandon Waits  Victoria A. Felix  Danita D. Wynes 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(1):47-61

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether coping mechanisms predict physical health, after controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters in a non-clinical sample of adults. Data were collected from 483 adults through an online survey. Most of the participants (66.7%) reported lifetime exposure to at least one traumatic event. The final sample of this study included 319 trauma-exposed individuals. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms on the avoidance and hyperarousal clusters had significant positive relationships with self-reported physical health symptoms. After controlling for gender and PTSD, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame significantly and positively predicted physical health symptoms.  相似文献   

    

Emrah Cinkara 《Reflective Practice》2016,17(6):694-707

Reflective practices have been shown to improve the effectiveness of learning and teaching processes. In this study, video-stimulated recall technique was employed as a method of motivating language learners to reflect on their oral production tasks. In this experimental study, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was administered to control and treatment groups before and after an eight-week module during which video-stimulated recall interviews were conducted with students in the treatment group. Statistical analyses revealed that pre- and post-test FLCAS scores differed within the treatment group but not within the control group. The results also suggested that stimulated recall is an effective reflective tool which assists students in noticing and reflecting upon the symptoms and causes of anxiety in the classroom.  相似文献   

    

Terencio Daunte McGlasson 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2016,15(1):38-48

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the 2nd most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% to 4% of people by age 80 (Black, 2011 ). However, co‐occurring psychological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and apathy, are significantly underdiagnosed. Professional counselors are uniquely qualified to assist clients with these mental health complications of PD.  相似文献