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211.
An understanding of the differences in the ways in which self-efficacy and interest influence boys’ and girls’ intentions
to continue enrollment in mathematics courses may provide insight into how to encourage continued mathematics enrollment for
all students. Two competing theoretical models of mathematics self-efficacy and interest in predicting students’ enrollment
intentions and achievement were evaluated separately across samples of middle level boys and girls. One model was empirically
supported for both groups and indicated the independent influence of self-efficacy and interest in predicting enrollment intentions.
Multi-group analyses revealed that self-efficacy’s influence in enrollment intentions and achievement was significantly stronger
for boys than for girls, and interest was significantly more important in the prediction of enrollment intentions for girls
than for boys. 相似文献
212.
Elza Ibroscheva 《Sex roles》2007,57(5-6):409-418
This study conducted a content analysis of Bulgarian television advertisements in 2004 to examine the prevailing portrayals
of gender in the media environment of the postcommunist, consumer-based Bulgarian society. The study addressed the research
questions of how gender was depicted in Bulgarian advertising and what possible social implications these gender portrayals
can be for explaining gender relations in postcommunist societies. In examining a sample of 127 ads, the study found that
content was highly stereotyped, portraying women in depending roles and in sexually suggestive appearance, similar to results
from other European studies. Observations are made about the differences between the current study and previous sex roles
studies, recognizing the specific cultural environment in Bulgaria. 相似文献
213.
We used a national database (Educational Longitudinal Study) to investigate the effects of parent’s gender, child’s gender,
and parental involvement in school on the academic achievement of adolescents in single-parent families. A three way 2 × 2 × 2
(parent’s gender × child’s gender × parental involvement) MANCOVA was conducted with four student academic achievement indicators
as dependent variables and SES as a covariate. The results indicated that parent gender and child gender interact with parent
involvement to affect adolescents’ academic achievement differentially. Specifically, daughters who lived with highly involved
single-fathers performed better academically than the other groups did. These findings suggest that researchers who study
single-parents’ involvement in their adolescents’ academic achievement need to pay more attention to gender-specific effects. 相似文献
214.
Couples in which the woman is more verbally disinhibited than the man (man-more-inhibited couples) report lower satisfaction
than couples in which the man is more verbally disinhibited (woman-more-inhibited couples). A violation of traditional gender
roles is hypothesized to underlie this phenomenon. It was predicted that members of man-more-inhibited couples would be rated
less likeable than woman-more-inhibited couples, and disinhibited men would be rated more competent than other males and females.
To test these hypotheses, 95 undergraduate participants from a southwestern US university viewed a videotaped conflict between
a man-more-inhibited or woman-more-inhibited couple. As predicted, members of man-more-inhibited couples were rated less likeable
than members of woman-more-inhibited couples and disinhibited husbands were rated more competent than all other targets. 相似文献
215.
Ramaswami Mahalingam 《Sex roles》2007,56(3-4):239-249
The study was conducted with a community sample (N = 1118) of participants from three caste groups (Brahmins, Thevars, and Gounders) from villages that are reported to have
an extremely male-biased sex ratio in Tamilnadu, India. Chastity, Machismo, and Caste Identity scales were used to assess
cultural beliefs about gender and caste. The correlations among beliefs about caste identity, chastity, and machismo were
significant for all three caste groups. There was a significant difference between Brahmins and the other caste groups in
beliefs about caste, chastity, and machismo. There was a significant interaction among marital status and gender. Married
men’s scores on chastity and machismo were higher than unmarried men for all caste groups. Thevars and Gounders were high
on machismo and chastity. Women in all caste groups, particularly Thevar women, were high on caste identity. The implications
of the findings for the study of gender and immigration are discussed. 相似文献
216.
Several theoretical perspectives in the social psychology literature on helping suggest that people forecast the benefit that
they will receive as a result of helping others, and help only if they determine that it is rewarding to do so. One type of
self-benefit that can be received from helping is an enhancement of positive mood. The major hypotheses of the present study
were: (1) women, to a greater degree than men, would expect to experience enhanced positive mood as a consequence of both
helping and receiving help in a relational context; and (2) those who are high in compassionate love for others would expect
to experience enhanced positive mood from giving and receiving help relative to those who are lower on compassionate love.
Support was found for both hypotheses. In addition, women were more likely than men to rate certain helping behaviors in a
relational context (e.g., providing verbal support) as good examples of “compassionate love acts.” The meaning of the results
with respect to altruism and for gender differences in helping behavior is discussed. 相似文献
217.
Orly Shapira-Lishchinsky 《Sex roles》2007,57(3-4):187-199
The study examines the relationship between distributive justice and teachers’ lateness, focusing on the mediation effect
of organizational commitment and taking into account gender differences. The sample consisted of 1,016 teachers from 35 high
schools in Israel. Results, based on multi-level analysis, showed that, for women, organizational commitment partially mediated
the relation between perceived distributive justice and lateness. No such effect was found for men. The findings are explained
in terms of women using lateness behavior to establish a balance between their amount of effort and the measure of their perceived
reward. 相似文献
218.
Riane Eisler 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2-3):159-174
There is growing consensus that we need a new paradigm if we are to solve the global problems that are the result of actions and policies stemming from prevailing paradigms or cognitive maps. Theories are cognitive maps. This article summarizes cultural transformation theory, which proposes that to solve our mounting global problems we need a clearer understanding of the self-organizing interaction of two basic movements in cultural evolution. The first consists of technological phase changes, including the most recent shift from industrial to electronic, nuclear, and biochemical technologies. The second consists of shifts in a system's orientation to what, based on three decades of transdisciplinary research, the author identifies as the socio-economic, gender, and cultural configurations characteristic of the dominator and partnership models. The article calls for a reassessment of earlier theories as the basis for effective action to accelerate the shift to a world orienting to the partnership rather than dominator model as a basis for a sustainable, equitable, and peaceful future. 相似文献
219.
Jarrod M. Haar Marcello Russo Albert Suñe Ariane Ollier-Malaterre 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014,85(3):361-373
This study investigates the effects of work–life balance (WLB) on several individual outcomes across cultures. Using a sample of 1416 employees from seven distinct populations – Malaysian, Chinese, New Zealand Maori, New Zealand European, Spanish, French, and Italian – SEM analysis showed that WLB was positively related to job and life satisfaction and negatively related to anxiety and depression across the seven cultures. Individualism/collectivism and gender egalitarianism moderated these relationships. High levels of WLB were more positively associated with job and life satisfaction for individuals in individualistic cultures, compared with individuals in collectivistic cultures. High levels of WLB were more positively associated with job and life satisfaction and more negatively associated with anxiety for individuals in gender egalitarian cultures. Overall, we find strong support for WLB being beneficial for employees from various cultures and for culture as a moderator of these relationships. 相似文献
220.
Jamaal.S. Matthews Loren M. Marulis Amanda P. Williford 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2014
The catalysts for gender discrepancies across developmental outcomes are widely debated. This study examines cognitive self-regulation (CSR) as a mechanism for understanding gender differences in scholastic performance—both subjective school functioning and objective standardized achievement. Utilizing a national sample from the NICHD SECCYD (n = 1364), not only does CSR (i.e., attention and executive function) in 3rd grade mediate the relation between early mother–child interactions (at 54 months) and scholastic outcomes (in 5th grade), but it also predicts gender discrepancies favoring girls in grades, work persistence and socio-emotional development. Additional exploratory evidence suggests quality mother–child interactions may be more meaningful for girls' CSR; however, for boys, CSR is more predictive of school functioning. Both school functioning and standardized achievement were utilized in this study and highlight that gender differences in development and learning are nuanced and not readily discernible across all measures of scholastic performance. Implications for future research, intervention, and practice are discussed. 相似文献