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301.
Overgeneral past and future thinking in dysphoria: the role of emotional cues and cueing methodology
Overgeneral memory, where individuals exhibit difficulties in retrieving specific episodes from autobiographical memory, has been consistently linked with emotional disorders. However, the majority of this literature has relied upon a single methodology, in which participants respond to emotional cue words with explicit instructions to retrieve/simulate specific events. Through the use of sentence completion tasks the current studies explored whether overgenerality represents a habitual pattern of thinking that extends to how individuals naturally consider their personal past and future life story. In both studies, when compared with controls, dysphoric individuals evidenced overgeneral thinking style with respect to their personal past. However, overgeneral future thinking was only evident when the sentence stems included emotional words. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the overgenerality phenomenon using a variety of cueing techniques and results are discussed with reference to the previous literature exploring overgenerality and cognitive models of depression. 相似文献
302.
There is increasing interest in applying interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to focus group data and in developing appropriate strategies for doing so. These strategies should exploit the unique features of focus groups, which provide a rich canvas of experiences not seen in individual interviews, while remaining true to the personal, phenomenological perspective of IPA. We present a four-stage approach with specific group focused analytical strategies: looking for “groupness,” clustering reoccurring group interactions, identifying interactional relationships, and incorporating group elements into an analysis. These stages are illustrated with worked examples developed while working with data from focus groups of women with gynaecological cancer discussing a yoga intervention, and explain how these can enrich our understanding of participants’ lived experiences. This approach demonstrates a suggested framework for developing IPA themes from focus group data by analysing and interpreting the group setting. We discuss links to psychological concepts, potential applications and limitations. This empirically based methodology is presented as a practical guide for other researchers grappling with this type of data. 相似文献
303.
Timothy R. Elliott Richard M. Shewchuk 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(2):65-76
Changes in health care have dramatically curtailed services to people with severe physical disability and their families. This has placed a greater burden of responsibility on those who live with these conditions and have ongoing care needs. Yet little is known about the subjective problems, challenges, and solutions reported by these people. We demonstrate how the nominal group technique can be used to obtain consumer-oriented information germane to these individuals and their concerns. We conducted nominal group technique meetings with 2 groups for persons with physical disability and a third with a group for family members in caregiving roles. We demonstrate how focus groups can be conducted with the nominal group technique to identify problems experienced by individuals who live with severe physical disability. Recommendations for using the nominal group technique with client populations are presented, and implications for clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
304.
AbstractResearch suggests that an external focus or cognitive task may improve postural control. Removing attention from movement production may promote automaticity, or the tasks may promote ankle stiffening. To investigate these two theories, twenty older adults stood while performing baseline standing, internal focus, external focus, and two cognitive tasks. Changes in postural control occurred in external focus and cognitive task conditions compared to baseline and internal focus, while no change occurred in cocontraction indices. This suggests that an external focus and cognitive task can improve postural control in older adults. Since no change occurred in cocontraction indices across conditions, this suggests that stiffening cannot explain these changes. Instead, changes could be due to automaticity of sway. 相似文献
305.
A persistently pressing issue identified in the decision-making literature is that people not only fail to recognize the risks entailed in a near-loss event but also subsequently engage in further risk-taking. We contend in this paper that prevention motivation critically regulates decision-makers' responses to a near-loss. Across three studies, we found that high prevention-focused individuals perceive greater risks in a near-loss event and are subsequently less likely to take risks, compared with low prevention-focused individuals. This finding highlights the significance of applying a motivational perspective to studying decision-making and risk. 相似文献
306.
307.
This paper discusses the fit between attribute-based versus alternative-based processing and regulatory focus, and its impact on decision outcome valuation. Attribute-based processing was found to occur more frequently under prevention focus, whereas alternative-based processing occurred more frequently under promotion focus. The fit between prevention/promotion focus and attribute-based/alternative-based processing was found to enhance satisfaction with choices and the perceived monetary value of chosen options. Moreover, the effect of fit on outcome valuation was found to be mediated by ease of processing. Finally, the effects of fit on ease of processing and outcome valuation disappeared when consumers first practiced to process information based on either attributes or alternatives. 相似文献
308.
作为人类古老现象的权力,却是社会心理学的一个崭新课题。近年来,社会心理学家从社会认知的视角对权力心理进行了很多具有启发性的研究。理论和实证研究表明,权力的存在或激发广泛地影响了个体有意和无意的社会认知、情绪和社会行为,这些心理和行为既包含消极的成分,也包含中性和积极的成分。文章指出了权力心理学具有“强调社会认知、基础认知甚至神经机制”等特点和趋势。 相似文献
309.
In order to explore public views on nanobiotechnology (NBT), convergence seminars were held in four places in Europe; namely
in Visby (Sweden), Sheffield (UK), Lublin (Poland), and Porto (Portugal). A convergence seminar is a new form of public participatory
activity that can be used to deal systematically with the uncertainty associated for instance with the development of an emerging
technology like nanobiotechnology. In its first phase, the participants are divided into three “scenario groups” that discuss
different future scenarios. In the second phase, the participants are regrouped into three “convergence groups”, each of which
contains representatives from each of the three groups from the first phase. In the final third phase, all participants meet
for a summary discussion. This pilot project had two aims: (1) to develop and assess the new methodology and (2) to gather
advice and recommendations from the public that may be useful for future decisions on nanobiotechnology (NBT). Participants
emphasized that they wanted the technology to focus on solutions to environmental and medical problems and to meet the needs
of developing countries. The need for further public participation and deliberation on NBT issues seemed to be acknowledged
by all participants. Many of them also raised equality concerns. Views on the means by which NBT should be steered into socially
useful directions were more divided. In particular, different views were expressed on how much regulation of company activities
is needed to curb unwanted developments. The participants’ responses in a questionnaire indicate that the methodology of the
convergence seminars was successful for decision-making under uncertainty. In particular, the participants stated that their
advice was influenced both by access to different possible future developments and by the points of view of their co-participants,
which is what the method is specifically intended to achieve.
相似文献
Sven Ove HanssonEmail: |
310.
The self-regulation of motivation model suggests that under certain circumstances, people will strategically vary a boring
task to enhance their motivational experience. In three experiments we tested whether the likelihood of this task variation
depends on a person’s orientation to promote success or prevent failure. Across studies, all participants engaged in a boring
letter-copying task which was coded for task variation. Results showed that a promotion focus led to greater task variation,
whereas a prevention focus led to lesser task variation. Furthermore, for those people who varied the task under a promotion
focus, greater intrinsic motivation (defined as intent for future task-related behavior and as self-reported immediate task
interest) was observed. Results were evident when the foci were induced below conscious awareness (Experiment 1), subtly (Experiment 2), and overtly (Experiment 3). Implications for academic and work-related tasks are discussed. 相似文献