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851.
在"更快、更高、更强"的奥运主旋律中,内涵着厚重的人文精神。这种人文精神又可以归结为以心和、人和、天和为特征和指向的"和谐精神"。"人文奥运"是2008年北京奥运会三大理念中的核心和灵魂,而人文奥运的灵魂就是和谐精神。和谐、合力、和衷共济、和而不同的"和谐精神"是人文奥运的基本精神,和谐是奥林匹克与中华文明的最佳结合点。 相似文献
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853.
ABSTRACTIn keeping with the dominant view that skills are largely automatic, the standard view of memory systems distinguishes between a representational declarative system associated with cognitive processes and a performance-based procedural system. The procedural system is thought to be largely responsible for the performance of well-learned skilled actions. Here we argue that most skills do not fully automate, which entails that the declarative system should make a substantial contribution to skilled performance. To support this view, we review evidence showing that the declarative system does indeed play a number of roles in skilled action. 相似文献
854.
Markos Valaris 《Ratio》2020,33(2):97-105
Almost everything that we do, we do by doing other things. Even actions we perform without deliberation or conscious planning are composed of ‘smaller’, subsidiary actions. But how should we think of such subsidiary actions? Are they fully-fledged intentional actions (in the sense of things that we do for reasons) in their own right? In this paper I defend an affirmative answer to this question, against a recently influential form of scepticism. Drawing on a distinctive kind of ‘action-demonstrative’ representation, I show that the sceptic's arguments do not go through. 相似文献
855.
Roy La Touche Macarena Sánchez-Vázquez Ferran Cuenca-Martínez María Prieto-Aldana Alba Paris-Alemany Gonzalo Navarro-Fernández 《Journal of motor behavior》2020,52(4):444-455
AbstractThe objective was to compare two different instruction modes used to teach patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) to perform a lumbar motor control task. The three intervention instruction modes used were: common verbal explanation of a motor task based on a motor control therapeutic exercise (MCTE-control group), MTCE instructed using motor imagery (MI) and MCTE instructed using tactile feedback (TF). The main outcome measure was lumbar motor control of the neutral position test. Forty-eight patients with CLBP were randomly allocated into three groups of 16 patients per group. The MI strategy was the most effective mode for developing the motor control task in an accurate and controlled manner, obtaining better outcomes than TF or verbal instruction. 相似文献
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857.
Marie Martel Pierre Fourneret Livio Finos Christina Schmitz Alice Catherine Roy 《Journal of motor behavior》2020,52(4):404-417
AbstractMotor control is classically described as relying on two components: anticipatory control (feedforward processing) and online control (feedback processing). Here we aimed to unveil the developmental steps of both feedback and feedforward control in 5–10 years old children, using a simple and ecological task. We manipulated object’s weight in a reach-to-displace paradigm. When the weight was known before lifting it, anticipatory processes were quantifiable during the reaching phase. Conversely, an unknown weight triggered online corrections during the displacing phase. Movement kinematics revealed that children anticipate this objet property as young as 5 y-o. This anticipation becomes adequate around 7 y-o and is paralleled by poor online corrections. This simple yet relevant paradigm should allow quantifying deviations from neurotypical patterns in disorders of motor control. 相似文献
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859.
Marc Colomer Haerin Chung Marlene Meyer Ranjan Debnath Santiago Morales Nathan A. Fox Amanda Woodward 《Developmental science》2023,26(3):e13339
Despite substantial evidence indicating a close link between action production and perception in early child development, less is known about how action experience shapes the processes of perceiving and anticipating others’ actions. Here, we developed a novel approach to capture functional connectivity specific to certain brain areas to investigate how action experience changes the networks involved in action perception and anticipation. Nine- and-12-month-old infants observed familiar (grasping) and novel (tool-use) actions while their brain activity was measured using EEG. Infants’ motor competence of both actions was assessed. A link between action experience and connectivity patterns was found, particularly during the anticipation period. During action anticipation, greater motor competence in grasping predicted greater functional connectivity between visual (occipital alpha) and motor (central alpha) regions relative to global levels of whole-brain EEG connectivity. Furthermore, visual and motor regions tended to be more coordinated in response to familiar versus novel actions and for older than younger participants. Critically, these effects were not found in the control networks (frontal-central; frontal-occipital; parietal-central; parietal-occipital), suggesting a unique role of visual-motor networks on the link between motor skills and action encoding.
Highlights
- Infants’ motor development predicted functional connectivity patterns during action anticipation.
- Faster graspers, and older infants, showed a stronger ratio of visual-motor neural coherence.
- Overall whole-brain connectivity was modulated by age and familiarity with the actions.
- Measuring inter-site relative to whole-brain connectivity can capture specific brain-behavior links.
- Measures of phase-based connectivity over time are sensitive to anticipatory action.
860.
Tércio Apolinário-Souza Ana Flávia Santos Almeida Natália Lelis-Torres Juliana Otoni Parma Grace Schenatto Pereira Guilherme Menezes Lage 《Journal of motor behavior》2020,52(5):515-526
AbstractVariable practice promotes a higher level of motor learning than constant practice. The glutamate receptors, n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and alfa-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA), have been associated with the changes in motor cortex that occur throughout the process of motor learning. Considering that, it is possible that variable practice is more associated with the NMDA and AMPA receptors than constant practice. This study aimed ao investigating the association between the glutamate receptors, NMDA and AMPA, and constant and variable practice schedules. Seventy-eight male mice practiced the rotarod task in a constant or variable scheduling, in two consecutive days (acquisition phase). Learning tests were performed 24?h and 10?days after the end of the acquisition phase. Variable practice was more associated with the NMDA receptor and had a greater AMPA receptor expression than constant practice. The results suggest that the benefits of variable practice are result of both the greater dependency on the NMDA receptor and the greater AMPA receptor expression. 相似文献