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471.
Devon E. Hinton Dara Chhean Stefan G. Hofmann Scott P. Orr Roger K. Pitman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):100-110
In an orthostatic challenge, Cambodian patients with orthostatic panic in the last month (OP patients) sometimes panicked
during orthostatic challenge, whereas those without orthostatic panic in the last month (NOP patients) did not. Also, OP patients
with primarily dizziness during orthostatic challenge panic (OPOCP-D) had a less vigorous physiological response than two other groups: (a) OP patients with primarily palpitations during orthostatic
challenge panic (OPOCP-P) and (b) NOP patients who had no symptoms during orthostatic challenge (NOPNOCP-NS). Among the patients experiencing orthostatic challenge–induced panic (i.e., the OPOCP-D and OPOCP-P patients), there were prominent orthostatic challenge–induced flashbacks and catastrophic cognitions, and the severity of
orthostatic challenge–induced flashbacks and catastrophic cognitions correlated with the severity of orthostatic panic in
the previous month and with the severity of orthostatic challenge–induced panic. 相似文献
472.
Kelly Manley Belva C. Collins Donald M. Stenhoff Harold Kleinert 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(3):221-236
Using the telephone to contact others can be an important skill in maintaining friendships with peers. This investigation
used a system of least prompts (SLP) procedures to teach two telephone skills to 3 elementary students with cognitive disabilities:
(a) placing phone calls and (b) leaving recorded voicemail messages. The SLP procedure was effective in teaching both skills
to all 3 students. Results for maintenance and generalization, however, were mixed.
This investigation was completed to partially satisfy the thesis requirement for a Master’s degree at the University of Kentucky. 相似文献
473.
474.
For older adults, falls often occur when transitioning from motion to a complete stop, as the motor control required during this phase is very complex and challenging. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aging on the motor control required to terminate motion. Twenty-five healthy older adults (aged >65 years) and 25 healthy young adults (20–23 years) performed a rapid stopping task while standing on a force plate. The rapid stopping task was conducted by analyzing center of pressure (COP) on the force plate during a visually guided tracking experiment. To assess the ability to terminate motion, we measured the velocity waveform for the COP, along with the reaction, propulsion, braking, and total movement times. Both the reaction and movement times of the older-adult group were significantly longer than those of the younger-adult group (all, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in regard to the initial backward propulsion time; however, in the subsequent sequence of backward braking, forward propulsion, and backward braking, all times were longer in the older-adult group than in the younger-adult group (p < 0.05). Our results show that the series of time delays shown by older adults when initiating and terminating motion is due to not only delayed reactions but also delayed stopping. Furthermore, our findings suggest that older adults have not only a diminished propulsion ability but also a diminished braking ability. 相似文献
475.
476.
肺保护策略机械通气的再评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通常认为急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS)患者应用肺保护策略机械通气可降低病死率,主要由于潮气量的降低。对已发表的随机对照研究再次分析,发现平台压与患者病死率明显相关。平台压低于30cmH2O时,潮气量可以在一定范围内增加,不影响患者预后。但选择小潮气量可能对病人有害。随机对照研究在试验设计、统计学分析、病人同质性等方面依然存在很多问题。从现有资料看,潮气量和平台压都很重要。 相似文献
477.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of nail biting in 4 settings (interventions) designed to elicit the functions of nail biting and to compare the results with a self-report questionnaire about the functions of nail biting. DESIGN: Randomised allocation of participants to order of conditions. SETTING: University Psychology Department. SUBJECTS: Forty undergraduates who reported biting their nails. INTERVENTIONS: Left alone (boredom), solving maths problems (frustration), reprimanded for nail biting (contingent attention), continuous conversation (noncontingent attention). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of times the undergraduates bit their nails. RESULTS: Nail biting occurred most often in two conditions, boredom and frustration. CONCLUSION: Nail biting in young adults occurs as a result of boredom or working on difficult problems, which may reflect a particular emotional state. It occurs least often when people are engaged in social interaction or when they are reprimanded for the behavior. 相似文献
478.
Zoltán Kovács Ferenc Kovács Ákos Pap Pál Czobor 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):138-144
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by pancreatobiliary-type of pain
in the absence of organic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate specific psychosocial predictors of functional
outcome in a group of patients consecutively referred to a gastroenterological department for biliary-type of pain. Based
on medical examination patients were divided into functional (SOD) and organic groups. Self-administered questionnaires regarding
demographic characteristics, psychological distress (Symptom Check-List-90–R, [SCL-90-R]), severity of acute and chronic stress,
level of subjective well-being and satisfaction with health were completed. The analyses were based on the logistic regression
approach. In this sample, SOD patients were older than organic patients and more likely female. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher acute
stress (i.e., main effect) was associated with a decreased likelihood of functional (SOD) outcome, whereas the combination
of acute stress with chronic stress and the combination of acute stress with higher severity of psychopathology (i.e., interaction
effect) was associated with an increased likelihood of functional (SOD) outcome. These findings suggest stressful life events
in combination with certain psychological symptoms can play a role in the symptom presentation of patients with sphincter
of Oddi dysfunction. 相似文献
479.
Arno G. Wouters 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(1):65-80
This paper is concerned with reasonings that purport to explain why certain organisms have certain traits by showing that
their actual design is better than contrasting designs. Biologists call such reasonings ‘functional explanations’. To avoid
confusion with other uses of that phrase, I call them ‘design explanations’. This paper discusses the structure of design
explanations and how they contribute to scientific understanding. Design explanations are contrastive and often compare real
organisms to hypothetical organisms that cannot possibly exist. They are not causal but appeal to functional dependencies
between an organism’s different traits. These explanations point out that because an organism has certain traits (e.g., it
lives on land), it cannot be alive if the trait to be explained (e.g., having lungs) were replaced by a specified alternative
(e.g., having gills). They can be understood from a mechanistic point of view as revealing the constraints on what mechanisms
can be alive.
相似文献
Arno G. WoutersEmail: |
480.
Emotion and pain are psychological constructs that have received extensive attention in neuropsychological research. However, neuropsychological models of emotional processing have made more progress in describing how brain regions interact to process emotion. Theories of emotional processing can describe inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric interactions during emotional processing. Due to similarities between emotion and pain, it is thought that emotional models can be applied to pain. The following review examines the neuropsychology of emotion and pain using a functional cerebral systems approach. Specific comparisons are made between pain and anger. Attention is given to differences in cerebral function and physiology that may contribute to the processing of emotion and pain. Suggestions for future research in emotion and pain are given. 相似文献