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本文使用近红外脑功能成像技术探测正常被试在中文音素言语流畅性任务时的脑激活模式,34名右利手大学生被试参加了实验,实验任务为音素言语流畅性任务,采用近红外脑功能成像仪检测被试额颞区在任务时的激活情况,结果发现该任务激活了大脑双侧的额颞区,双侧缘上回的激活可能为中文音素言语流畅性任务的语言特异性激活脑区,该研究为临床诊断提供了参考价值,并说明了近红外脑功能成像仪可用于中文言语流畅性任务的研究 相似文献
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The aim of this paper is to show that the widespread opinion, according to which functional role theories of representation
fail to account for content explanations of human and animal behaviour, cannot be confirmed with respect to each type of functional
role theory. Functional resemblance theories (as referred to by O’Brien and Opie in Representation in mind, Elsevier, 2004) allow for content explanations of successfully performed cognitive abilities as much as for explanations of systematic errors
resulting from misrepresentation. How functional roles do their explanatory work in actual scientific research examples is
shown by a detailed exploration of model assumptions about homing performances based on path integration mechanisms in humans
and animals.
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Mark MayEmail: |
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Eslinger PJ Blair C Wang J Lipovsky B Realmuto J Baker D Thorne S Gamson D Zimmerman E Rohrer L Yang QX 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(1):1-10
To investigate maturational plasticity of fluid cognition systems, functional brain imaging was undertaken in healthy 8-19 year old participants while completing visuospatial relational reasoning problems similar to Raven's matrices and current elementary grade math textbooks. Analyses revealed that visuospatial relational reasoning across this developmental age range recruited activations in the superior parietal cortices most prominently, the dorsolateral prefrontal, occipital-temporal, and premotor/supplementary cortices, the basal ganglia, and insula. There were comparable activity volumes in left and right hemispheres for nearly all of these regions. Regression analyses indicated increasing activity predominantly in the superior parietal lobes with developmental age. In contrast, multiple anterior neural systems showed significantly less activity with age, including dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal, paracentral, and insula cortices bilaterally, basal ganglia, and particularly large clusters in the midline anterior cingulate/medial frontal cortex, left middle cingulate/supplementary motor cortex, left insula-putamen, and left caudate. Findings suggest that neuromaturational changes associated with visuospatial relational reasoning shift from a more widespread fronto-cingulate-striatal pattern in childhood to predominant parieto-frontal activation pattern in late adolescence. 相似文献
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Oliver Gruber Tobias Melcher Esther K. Diekhof Susanne Karch Peter Falkai Thomas Goschke 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(3):559-564
Background monitoring is a necessary prerequisite to detect unexpected changes in the environment, while being involved in a primary task. Here, we used fMRI to investigate the neural mechanisms that underlie adaptive goal-directed behavior in a cued task switching paradigm during real response conflict or, more generally, when expectations on the repetitive features of the environment were violated. Unexpected changes in sensory stimulus attributes in the currently unattended stimulus dimension thereby led to activations in a bilateral network comprising inferior lateral frontal, intraparietal, and posterior medial frontal brain regions, independent of whether these attributes elicited a factual response conflict or not. This fronto-parietal network may thus play an important role in adaptive responding to potentially significant events outside the current focus of attention. 相似文献
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Lourdes Ezpeleta Josep Toro 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):168-177
This is a study of comorbid anxiety disorders and how they affect the clinical picture of comorbid cases. The sample consisted
of 576 Spanish children aged 8 to 17 years receiving psychiatric outpatient consultation that were evaluated using a semi-structured
diagnostic interview for both parents and children. A specific association of homotypic comorbidity among anxiety disorders
that was independent of the presence of other disorders was found. There was heterotypic comorbidity between anxiety and depressive
disorders, ADHD, anorexia and tic disorders. Relationships between non-anxiety disorders were, in general, independent of
anxiety, but anxiety moderated the relationship between ADHD-Conduct disorder and Conduct disorder-enuresis. Comorbid anxiety
increased difficulties in social interaction, was related with higher global impairment and had an impact on consultation
and medication. Anxiety disorder comorbidity should be well recognized in order not to disregard the treatment of all present
disorders. 相似文献
127.
Increased variability is a characteristic clinical and physiologic feature of functional (psychogenic) tremor. In this study, we use computerized spiral analysis to show that the variability of a motor task is a quantifiable characteristic of functional tremor. We compare functional tremor patients to phenomenologically similar dystonic tremor patients and to normal controls. We used the spiral severity score, a measure that does not incorporate spiral tightness, as a marker of spiral drawing performance, and inter-spiral tightness variability (based on the 25–75%ile range in tightness across ten spirals) to evaluate the effects of functional tremor on drawing spirals. The spirals of 74 participants: 22 functional tremor, 21 dystonic tremor, and 31 normal controls were analyzed. Spiral severity was higher in both tremor groups compared to controls, but did not differentiate them. Inter-spiral variability, however, was higher in the functional tremor group compared to both other groups. Thus, spiral analysis captures variability of a motor task and may be used as an objective test for functional tremor. The effect of functional tremor in other motor tasks should be investigated. 相似文献
128.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in perception and conception of oneself is a fundamental psychological topic with high relevance for psychiatric and neurological issues, and it is one of the great challenges in neuroscientific research. The paradigmatic single-case study presented here aimed to investigate different components of self- and other-processes and to elucidate corresponding neurobiological underpinnings. An eminent professional opera singer with profound performance experience has undergone functional magnetic resonance imaging and was exposed to excerpts of Mozart arias, sung by herself or another singer. The results indicate a distinction between self- and other conditions in cortical midline structures, differentially involved in self-related and self-referential processing. This lends further support to the assumption of cortical midline structures being involved in the neural processing of self-specific stimuli and also confirms the power of single case studies as a research tool. 相似文献
129.
Wilfried Allaerts 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1999,30(1):155-171
Biological self reference idioms in brain-centered or nervous-system-centered self determination of the consious Self reveal
an interesting contrast with biological self-determination by immunological self/non-self discrimination. This contrast is
both biological and epistemological. In contrast to the consciousness conscious of itself, the immunological self-determination
imposes a protective mechanism against self-recognition (Coutinho et al. 1984), which adds to a largely unconscious achievement
of the biological Self (Popper 1977; Medawar 1959). The latter viewpoint is in contrast with the immunological Self-determination
as an essentially cognitive process as expressed in the analysis of Tauber (1994). Comparison of the immune system in vertebrates
and invertebrates, according to new biological insights, has contributed to a better understanding of the relative role of
innate (or inherited) immunity versus immunity acquired during each individual life. Also in this respect, immunological self-achievement
shows both a striking analogy and a fundamental discrepancy with the activity of the nervous system.
The analysis of immunological Self/non-self discrimination versus brain-centered self-determination adds to the understanding
of the function paradigm in biological self-reference idioms, especially when regarding the importance of the connectivity
notion in both systems. Adopting functional explanatory schemes for understanding immunological self-non-self discrimination,
as well as for the understanding of functional mapping of the brain at (conscious) activity (Friston et al. 1993; Frith et
al. 1995), forwards the notion of effective/functional connectivity. Network connectivity not only is a primary question in
solving the dimensionality question for immunological ‘idiotypic networks’ (Jerne 1974a, b; 1984), it may also have an important
value in describing phase transitions in the development of both immune and nervous systems.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
130.
The biographical sketches from Luria's life reveal the capricious political changes and their effect on the development of Soviet neuropsychology. The picture that emerges is of an individual who survived several ideological reprisals. He introduced Vygotsky into the mainstream of psychology, and continued to advance the study of cognitive functions within the context of neuroanatomy of the brain. And yet, he had an open mind judged by his interest in Freud, and welcoming to his clinic pioneers of psychology such as Piaget, Bruner and Pribram. Also included are intimate impressions of a daughter of her father, who like his young mentor, Vygotsky was a near-genius. He was unvanquished by adversities, doggedly working away to extend the frontiers of the science of human mind. 相似文献