TREM-1与肿瘤关系的研究进展

有关炎症与肿瘤相互关系的研究已成为目前肿瘤研究的热点之一.髓样细胞表达触发受体-1(TREM-1)作为一种免疫球蛋白超家族激活型受体,在炎症反应发生、级联放大中具有重要作用,可影响肿瘤微环境中各种相关细胞因子(如IL-8、MCP-1、TNF-α)水平,通过损伤、抑制修复等机制参与肿瘤发生、浸润和转移等病理性过程,影响患者预后.本文主要就TREM-1在肿瘤方面的相关研究进展进行综述.     

Age differences in working memory updating: The role of interference,focus switching and substituting information

Working memory updating (WMU) tasks require different elements in working memory (WM) to be maintained simultaneously, accessing one of these elements, and substituting its content. This study examined possible developmental changes from childhood to adulthood both in focus switching and substituting information in WM. In addition, possible age-related changes in interference due to representational overlap between the different elements simultaneously held in these tasks were examined. Children (8- and 11-year-olds), adolescents (14-year-olds) and younger adults (mean age = 22 years) were administered a numerical updating memory task, in which updating and focus switching were manipulated. As expected, response times decreased and recall performance increased with age. More importantly, the time needed for focus switching was longer in children than in adolescents and younger adults. On the other hand, substitution of information and interference due to representational overlap were not affected by age. These results suggest that age-related changes in focus switching might mediate developmental changes in WMU performance.     

Brain lateralization of complex movement: Neuropsychological evidence from unilateral stroke

Complex movement (CM) refers to the representation of a goal-oriented action and is classified as either transitive (use of tools) or intransitive (communication gestures). Both types of CM have three specific components: temporal, spatial, and content, which are subdivided into specific error types (SET). Since there is debate regarding the contribution of each brain hemisphere for the types of CM, our objective was to describe the brain lateralization of components and SET of transitive and intransitive CM. We studied 14 patients with a left hemisphere stroke (LH), 12 patients with a right hemisphere stroke (RH), and 16 control subjects. The Florida Apraxia Screening Test-Revised (FAST-R, Rothi et al., 1988) was used for the assessment of CM. Both clinical groups showed a worse performance than the control group on the total FAST-R and transitive movement scores (p < 0.001). Failures in Spatial and Temporal components were found in both clinical groups, but only LH patients showed significantly more Content errors (p < 0.01) than the control group. Also, only the LH group showed a higher number of errors for intransitive movements score (p = 0.017), due to lower scores in the content component, compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Transitive and intransitive CMs differ in their neurocognitive representation; transitive CM shows a bilateral distribution of its components when compared to intransitive CM, which shows a preferential left hemisphere representation. This could result from higher neurocognitive demands for movements that require use of tools, compared with more automatic communication gestures.     

THE CHANGING CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE INSTITUTE ON RELIGION IN AN AGE OF SCIENCE AND ZYGON

Since Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science was founded 49 years ago and since one of its co‐publishers, the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS), was founded 60 years ago, there have been significant developments in their various cultural contexts—in science, in religion, in culture, in academia, and in the science and religion dialogue. This article is a personal remembrance and reflection that compares the context of IRAS in 1954 when it was first organized with the context of IRAS and Zygon today. It considers the contemporary niche of IRAS in relation to the developments that have occurred over the past 60 years.     

Freedom and Disability Rights: Dependence,Independence, and Interdependence

The increasing focus on disability rights—as found, for instance, in the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)—challenges philosophical imaginaries. This article broadens the philosophical imaginary of freedom by exploring the relation of dependence, independence, and interdependence in the lives of people with disabilities. It argues (1) that traditional concepts of freedom are rather insensitive to difference within humanity, and (2) that the lives of people with severe disabilities challenge philosophers to argue and conceptualize freedom not only as independence and interdependence but also as dependence. After tracing this need through a Hegelian understanding, via Julia Kristeva's work on disability, and finally the CRPD, it concludes that a unified solution might not be possible. Hence, it argues that disability issues necessitate philosophical modesty.     

The chameleon effect,the temporal aspects of mimicry and their impact on service measurement

BackgroundIn an experiment conducted in a natural setting, we test the link between mimicry, the amount of time during which the mimicry behavior takes place, and its impact on service quality.MethodsCable TV clients (n = 120) were randomly assigned to six experimental conditions (2 mimicry conditions: verbal mimicry vs. no mimicry x 3 interaction time: 5 vs. 10 vs. 15 minutes). Perceived service quality served as the dependent measurement.ResultsA main effect of mimicry was found on service quality: a cable TV representative was perceived more favorably when he mimicked the customer. Importantly, it was shown that even small portions of mimicry are beneficial, meaning that practitioners do not have to mimic someone for a long time to achieve benefits.ConclusionThe paper shows new benefits for the mimicker: more positive judgments by the mimickee regarding the impact on several different levels of service quality.     

《周易》思想与文化传播——以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例

《周易》是中华传统文化的组成部分,是道家道教思想的重要来源.《周易》中有关乾坤、卦的思想,是道教和西南少数民族禹步的理论基础.论文以道教和西南少数民族禹步为例,详细考察其宗教法术蕴涵的《周易》思想,指出道教和西南少数民族宗教法师的禹步,其科仪始终按九宫八卦布局行法,此深得《周易》思想天人关系的精要.作为仪式中具有宗教象征意义的《周易》八卦符号,表达出中华先民对自然界阴阳运动规律的认识.     

杂论楚竹书《周易》异文的可能价值

本文从楚简《周易》有限的卦爻辞资料,配合既有的《易》学文献,分别推论经文和传文中《彖》、《象》二传的写定过程。其形成为今本固定的面貌,可能是经由不同时期和不同《易》家之手所修订改造完成。而就于今所见文本而言,楚简本年代最早,又可据以参证检讨经文的解读,以至判定其前出土帛本文字的是非得失。全文析分为四项,各举出若干例证以为说明。透过这些例证,不只可以更清楚了解今本《周易》形成过程的变化,也可以在一定程度上反映先秦典籍编制的性质和情况。     

“辨章考镜,返本开新”——黄寿祺六庵先生易学管窥蠡探

本文主要是纪念黄寿祺(1912-1990)六庵先生百年诞辰而写,汲引章学诚(1738-1801)《校雠通义》"辨章学术,考镜源流"与著名新儒学大家唐君毅(1909-1978)、牟宗三(1909-1995)常说的"返本开新",汇为本文标题,以表彰先生易学总体成就与贡献。全文分节为四:首述缘起,次论先生易学旨趣,三则举《易学群书平议》中焦循(1763-1820)《仲轩易义解诂》例释先生易学进路与裁识,终以"从源溯流,强干弱枝"、"精研象理,不废术数"为先生《易》学结论。