The Development of Perceptual Motor Sequencing Ability

The purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the possibility that short-term memory may be a limiting factor in the development of perceptual-motor sequencing ability, (b) to determine whether sex differences exist in sequencing ability, (c) to determine whether organized information facilitates serial recall, and (d) to ascertain whether the recall of serial perceptual-motor responses results in a bow-shaped serial-position curve. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design was used to analyze the independent variables of age, sex, and pattern organization. Further, an age × serial position ANOVA was performed to investigate the serial-position curve. Serial recall improved with age; however young children experienced difficulty in recalling a complex task. The poor recall performance of 5-yr.-old children was discussed in terms of the possibility that young children fail to use labeling strategies to facilitate recall. No sex differences were found. A primacy effect was obtained on the complex task.     

¿Qué es una emoción?

RESUMEN

La finalidad de estas páginas es mostrar que, en lo que respeta a las emociones, los procesos cerebrales emocionales no sólo se asemejan a los procesos cerebrales sensoriales comunes, sino que, en términos estructurales, no son sino todos los mismos procesos combinados de distinta forma. El resultado más importante de ello será simplificar nuestras nociones sobre los posibles complicaciones fisiológicas del cerebro y hacernos ver que poseemos ya un modelo de cerebro cuyas aplicaciones son mucho más amplias de lo que creían algunos autores. La tesis principal es que los cambios corporales que siguen directamente a la percepción del hecho desencadenante y nuestra sensación de esos cambios según se van produciendo es la emoción.     

Atypical Neuropsychological Profile in a Boy with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Keywords:

In this article the general and specific cognitive impairments of the boy R.H. with a de novo deletion 22q11.2 are described. His full-scale IQ was 73, and he obtained only slightly better verbal than non-verbal subtest scores. Neuropsychological assessment revealed specific impairments in perceptual categorization of objects presented suboptimal, matching of unfamiliar faces, and verbal learning and memory. In contrast, he performed in accordance with his intelligence level on other visual perceptual tasks, on non-verbal learning and memory tasks, and on attention tasks. Voxel-wise statistical comparison of a high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance image of R.H’s brain with similar images obtained from 14 normal control children revealed as major abnormalities a reduction of the right inferior parietal and superior occipital lobe, and a bilateral reduction of deep white matter behind the inferior frontal gyrus. These cognitive impairments and MRI abnormalities are not commonly described in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and may indicate a larger heterogeneity in the neurocognitive phenotype than currently evidenced. At least in this boy the microdeletion seems to have interfered with the development and functioning of particular neural subsystems, while the structure and functioning of other subsystems was left intact.     

Central Nervous System Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in Children: An Overview

Complications involving the central nervous system are among the most devastating manifestations of sickle cell disease. Although overt stroke occurs in 1 in 10 children with Hemoglobin SS, “silent cerebral infarcts” are even more frequent. Both are associated with significant neuropsychological deficits. The end result of these effects on the CNS often is diminished school performance. The use of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography screening allows the identification of patients at high risk for clinical stroke as well as stroke prevention by chronic transfusion. However, definitive prophylaxis and treatment for most CNS complications of sickle cell disease have yet to be determined.     

血尿酸水平与脑梗死及其各指标的相关性分析

研究血尿酸(UA)与脑梗死发病与预后的相关性.本试验选择2008年5月至2009年3月中国医科大学附属一院神经内科就诊的脑梗死患者为病例组,同期中国医科大学附属一院门诊体检者70例为对照组,均进行血尿酸(SUA)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)及C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血压的测定.比较病例组与对照组的相关指标的变化,并比较高尿酸与非高尿酸组的梗死例数与严重程度、生化指标等的变化.脑梗死组SUA水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);HUA组的患病率也显著高于非HUA组(P＜0.05);大梗死灶组UA值高于小梗死灶组(P＜0.05),中梗死灶组UA值高于小梗死灶组(P＜0.05).重度损伤组UA值大于轻度组(P＜0.05);中度损伤组UA值大于轻度组(P＜0.05).HUA组的SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、FBG及hs-CRP各值高于非HUA组,HDL-CD低于非HUA,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).     

新尝试“假设法脑出血测量”与常用方法的对比

介绍一种CT脑血肿体积测量的新方法——假设法。制作水模进行CT扫描,分别用CT脑出血测量之假设法与多田公式法、CT定量法对其测量,比较结果的准确性。该方法较多田公式法、CT定量法更便捷准确。此假设法,计算简单、快速、准确,比多田公式法、CT定量法更具优势。     

神经生长因子对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后TGF-β1和IL-1β表达的影响及临床意义

探讨神经生长因子（NGF）的脑保护作用及临床意义。采用大鼠脑缺血再灌注（MCAO）模型,选取健康成年SD大鼠55只,随机分为假手术组（n=5）、对照组（n=30）,NGF组（n=10）和生理盐水对照组（n=10）进行造模,应用免疫组化方法检测TGF-β1和IL-1β的表达。可见NGF组神经功能障碍明显减轻,TGF-β1...     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在急性脑梗死超早期的应用

为了评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像(MSCTPI)指导下急性脑梗死超早期溶栓治疗,对60例发病≤3h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者进行常规颅脑CT扫描,对所有入选病例均进行MSCTPI检查。结果提示,MSCTPI可以超早期诊断急性脑梗死,为早期溶栓及个体化治疗提供影像学证据。     

认知心理生理学与无创性脑功能成像技术

无创性脑功能成像技术是认知心理生理学研究的重要手段。脑电图、事件相关电位、脑磁图、正电子发射断层摄影术、单光子发射计算机断层摄影术、功能磁共振成像和功能红外线成像等技术通过对人脑的电磁、新陈代谢、血流量、氧消耗、神经元活动等的测量来研究如视觉、注意、记忆、语言等认知活动及其与相关脑机制的相互关系。它们各有优缺点。