Coping Strategies and Resolution in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy

“Parental resolution” represents parents coming to terms with their child’s health condition. Differences in the use of coping strategies between mothers who were resolved versus unresolved to their child’s diagnosis was investigated, and a possible moderating effect of these strategies was explored. A strategy aimed at mobilizing the family to acquire and accept help (institutional, formal support) was shown to be a significant moderating variable, in a way that its more frequent use allowed mothers of children with better functional status (but not mothers of children with poorer functional status) to reach resolution.     

Atypical speech lateralization in adults with developmental coordination disorder demonstrated using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound

Research using clinical populations to explore the relationship between hemispheric speech lateralization and handedness has focused on individuals with speech and language disorders, such as dyslexia or specific language impairment (SLI). Such work reveals atypical patterns of cerebral lateralization and handedness in these groups compared to controls. There are few studies that examine this relationship in people with motor coordination impairments but without speech or reading deficits, which is a surprising omission given the prevalence of theories suggesting a common neural network underlying both functions. We use an emerging imaging technique in cognitive neuroscience; functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) ultrasound, to assess whether individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) display reduced left‐hemisphere lateralization for speech production compared to control participants. Twelve adult control participants and 12 adults with DCD, but no other developmental/cognitive impairments, performed a word‐generation task whilst undergoing fTCD imaging to establish a hemispheric lateralization index for speech production. All participants also completed an electronic peg‐moving task to determine hand skill. As predicted, the DCD group showed a significantly reduced left lateralization pattern for the speech production task compared to controls. Performance on the motor skill task showed a clear preference for the dominant hand across both groups; however, the DCD group mean movement times were significantly higher for the non‐dominant hand. This is the first study of its kind to assess hand skill and speech lateralization in DCD. The results reveal a reduced leftwards asymmetry for speech and a slower motor performance. This fits alongside previous work showing atypical cerebral lateralization in DCD for other cognitive processes (e.g., executive function and short‐term memory) and thus speaks to debates on theories of the links between motor control and language production.     

Sound naming in neurodegenerative disease

Modern cognitive neuroscientific theories and empirical evidence suggest that brain structures involved in movement may be related to action-related semantic knowledge. To test this hypothesis, we examined the naming of environmental sounds in patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), two neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive and motor deficits. Subjects were presented with 56 environmental sounds: 28 sounds were of objects that required manipulation when producing the sound, and 28 sounds were of objects that required no manipulation. Subjects were asked to provide the name of the object that produced the sound and also complete a sound-picture matching condition. Subjects included 33 individuals from four groups: CBD/PSP, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, and normal controls. We hypothesized that CBD/PSP patients would exhibit impaired naming performance compared with controls, but the impairment would be most apparent when naming sounds associated with actions. We also explored neural correlates of naming environmental sounds using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of brain MRI. As expected, CBD/PSP patients scored lower on environmental sounds naming (p < 0.007) compared with the controls. In particular, the CBD/PSP patients scored the lowest when naming sounds of manipulable objects (p < 0.05), but did not show deficits in naming sounds of non-manipulable objects. VBM analysis across all groups showed that performance in naming sounds of manipulable objects correlated with atrophy in the left pre-motor region, extending from area six to the middle and superior frontal gyrus. These results indicate an association between impairment in the retrieval of action-related names and the motor system, and suggest that difficulty in naming manipulable sounds may be related to atrophy in the pre-motor cortex. Our results support the hypothesis that retrieval of action-related semantic knowledge involves motor regions in the brain.     

糖尿病伴发脑卒中病例临床特点分析

探讨2型糖尿病患者伴发脑卒中的发生率及相关危险因素,采用头CT扫描,化验血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原。对我院自2005年7月-2007年7月间收治的2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者与非糖尿病发生脑卒中患者进行比较分析。200例患者中糖尿病88例,患病率44％,两组患者比较糖尿病并发脑卒中发生多灶性梗死（P〈0．01）,血流变学分析（P〈0．01）其差异有统计学意义。糖尿病合并脑卒中的患者与多种危险因素有关,必须及早控制,防止脑卒中发生、发展,减少致残率。     

老年无症状性脑梗死患者的临床研究

SCI患者110例和110例健康对照组之间血脂、超敏C反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）等指标的差异进行研究,同时用临床记忆量表检测两组的记忆能力。提示SCI组的记忆商和指向记忆、人像特点联想回忆分显著低于健康对照组。两组的甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白及Hs-CRP之间差异有显著性。而SCI患者头昏、记忆力减退较为常见,易出现高甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白降低、Hs-CRP升高、动脉硬化程度重,进一步加重认知功能损害,需早期防治。     

颈椎单间隙融合后椎间高度的改变对邻近节段退变的影响

本文探讨颈前路单间隙融合术后该节段的椎间高度改变对相邻节段椎间盘退变所产生的不同影响。将颈前路单节段融合术后的患者78例按融合高度的不同分为三组,通过测量上位节段的椎间高度、活动度及椎体间滑移进行比较,结果显示融合后的椎间高度达到正常水平时的退变较慢,增大或减小均会加速邻近椎间盘的退变。     

中-英双语者词汇语义通达的大脑功能偏侧化与合作效应

采用半视野速示术对48名英语专业硕士研究生进行词汇判别的语义启动实验,检查中一英双语者词汇语义通达可能存在的大脑功能偏侧化与合作效应.结果提示:(1)相对熟练的中一英双语者L1(中文)和L2(英文)均可直接通达一个共同的词汇语义概念表征系统,但L1可以通过两半球,而L2可能主要依赖于大脑右半球;(2)跨语言条件出现了半球间语义通达的合作优势效应.     

微创技术在脑血管病诊治中的应用与存在的问题

脑血管病是危害人类健康的三大疾病之一.随着CT、,MRI、DSA等先进设备的应用,脑血管病的诊治水平进入一个新的阶段.显微手术、血管内栓塞、γ-刀或X-刀等很多微创技术不断应用于脑血管病的治疗.由于各地区发展不平衡,微创技术的应用尚存在不少问题.因此,必须积极稳妥地开展脑血管病诊治中的微创技术.     

脑梗死急性期应重视高血糖的处理

脑梗死急性期往往可以检测到血糖升高,而高血糖与脑梗死的转归不良有关。脑梗死急性期高血糖的机制不仅为应激性血糖增高,还可能是多种因素共同作用的结果。注射胰岛素治疗不仅可降低血糖,而且通过对脑组织的直接保护作用减轻脑组织损伤。     

耳蜗退行性病变疗效评价

耳蜗退行性病变所致疾病已成为影响人类生活质量的主要问题之一。本文从发病机制、影响因素、临床决策方面阐述耳蜗退行性病变的研究进展,为耳蜗退行性病变所致的耳聋、耳鸣等疾病的科学研究及临床对策制定提供参考。旨在干预耳蜗退行病变,降低其发生率,提高人们生活质量。