全文获取类型
收费全文 | 610篇 |
免费 | 163篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
780篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 79篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有780条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Warren-Boulton FR Silberberg A Gray M Ollom R 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1985,43(2):265-277
De Villiers and Herrnstein (1976) have shown that the equation for simple action, derived from the matching law, predicts change in behavioral output for some 40 experiments in which the value of a single source of reinforcement has been varied. Using only the positive-reinforcement studies they cite that used five or more different reinforcement values, we found the high percentage of variance they report accommodated by this equation (94%) is predicated on instances of averaging rates of behavioral output before making a least-squares fit of the equation. In our reanalysis, which minimizes rate averaging, only 78% of the data variance is accommodated. This diminished data-variance accommodation can be improved by adding parameters that permit the equation's scaling constant to change as a function of reinforcement. Although these parameters permit acceptable levels of accommodation of data variance, they correspond to no obvious psychological processes. These findings support the view that the equation for simple action is an inadequate model for behavioral output. 相似文献
162.
Melvin Endy 《The Journal of religious ethics》2019,47(2):425-434
This defense of my essay on Vitoria and Suárez argues that my use of the term “religious war” is based on religious authority at least as much as religious cause, and that Davis’s decision to discuss only Vitoria limits his ability to come to terms with my thesis. To Davis’s argument that for Vitoria war was justified against the Indians only as a necessity of simple justice and to protect the innocent, I argue that his disjunction between simple justice and religious cause is a false one that fails to come to term with the church’s primary reason for approaching Indians, with the Thomistic understanding of the relation between nature and grace and between reason and revelation, and with the distinction between what justice requires in relation to the church and Christians and what it requires for others. I explain finally that my claim is not that the Catholic political rulers readily responded to papal calls for war except when it was in their interest, but that papal war was central to the normative just‐war tradition of the church in canon law and among major theologians like Vitoria and Suárez. 相似文献
163.
164.
165.
张奇 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2014,35(2A):24-26
精神病患者是社会弱势群体,其权利易遭受他人的侵害,同时其有可能对他人权利造成损害。因此为维护本人和他人权利,有必要对其实施特殊的措施。大陆和台湾地区均规定对严重精神病患者实施强制住院医疗措施,但二者在强制医疗的对象、程序以及人身自由的限制等方面存在重大差异。大陆强制医疗采取的是行政程序,而台湾地区是"准司法程序",其强制医疗决定由第三方作出。台湾地区精神卫生法为精神病患者提供了较为完善的权益保障体系。 相似文献
166.
艰难的安乐死 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
何兆雄 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(8):22-25
安乐死立法难,依法更难,执法难上难。有法不依,执法不严;一失足成千古恨,再回头已是百年身。 相似文献
167.
医学思维和法律思维是两种不同的思维方式。在卫生法律的实施过程中,经常会遇到这两种思维方式相互冲突的现象。究其原因,在于医学思维和法律思维之间存在的差异。认清差异、分析成因、寻求处置思路和办法对于正确处理医疗纠纷、和谐医患关系具有重要意义。 相似文献
168.
Lisa Sowle Cahill 《The Journal of religious ethics》2015,43(2):193-217
While Roman Catholic feminist ethicists typically endorse moral realism and crosscultural standards of justice, they also have been influenced by the postmodern interrogation of abstract reason and moral universalism. As theologians writing after the Second Vatican Council, they are increasingly sensitive to the communal and ecclesial dimensions of morality and of Christian ethics, and to the integral relation of Christian faith and ethics. This essay will consider two approaches to Catholic feminist ethics that differ in the relative weight they give to constructive work for social justice (realist gender justice ethics), or to the grounding of ethics in prayer and mysticism (postmodern gendered faith ethics). Using critical feminist reappropriations of the theology and ethics of Aquinas as examples, this essay will argue that the two approaches are overlapping and interdependent. 相似文献
169.
Anthony P. McLean Randolph C. Grace Olesya T. Shevchouk Jacinta R. Cording 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2018,109(2):313-335
In two experiments, experimentally naïve rats were trained in concurrent variable‐interval schedules in which the reinforcer ratios changed daily according to a pseudorandom binary sequence. In Experiment 1, relative response rates showed clear sensitivity to current‐session reinforcer ratios, but not to previous sessions' reinforcer ratios. Within sessions, sensitivity to the current session's reinforcement rates increased steadily, and by session end, response ratios approached matching to the current‐session reinforcer ratios. Across sessions, sensitivity to the current session's reinforcer ratio decreased with continued exposure to the pseudorandom binary sequence, contrary to expectations based on previous studies demonstrating learning sets. Using a second group of naïve rats, Experiment 2 replicated the main results from Experiment 1 and showed that although there were increases over sessions in both changeover rate and response rate during the changeover delay, neither could explain the accompanying reductions in sensitivity. We consider the role of reinforcement history, showing that our results can be simulated using two separate representations, one local and one nonlocal, but a more complex approach will be needed to bring together these results and other history effects such as learning sets and spontaneous recovery. 相似文献
170.
Lawrence Nelson 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2018,18(7):43-50
Catholic doctrine’s strict prohibition on abortion can lead clinicians or institutions to conscientiously refuse to provide abortion, although a legal duty to provide abortion would apply to anyone who refused. Conscientious refusals by clinicians to end a pregnancy can constitute murder or reckless homicide under American law if a woman dies as a result of such a refusal. Such refusals are not immunized from criminal liability by the constitutional right to the free exercise of religion or by statutes that confer immunity from criminal homicide prosecution. Core principles of the rule of law require the state to protect the lives of all persons equally and to place the life and health of persons above any the interests of providers have in moral integrity or in respecting the moral status of prenatal humans. In some states criminal liability related to conscientious objection also applies to corporate hospital officials. 相似文献