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131.
Psychological Foundations of Trust 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffry A. Simpson 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(5):264-268
ABSTRACT— Trust lies at the foundation of nearly all major theories of interpersonal relationships. Despite its great theoretical importance, a limited amount of research has examined how and why trust develops, is maintained, and occasionally unravels in relationships. Following a brief overview of theoretical and empirical milestones in the interpersonal-trust literature, an integrative process model of trust in dyadic relationships is presented. 相似文献
132.
Chau-Kiu Cheung Ngan-Pun Ngai Steven Sek-Yum Ngai 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):626-641
Elucidating the conditions in which family strain takes effect in adolescent delinquency is one avenue along which to substantiate
general strain theory. These conditions include family relationship and the type of delinquency. In the context of Chinese
societies, the conditions also include the differences between socialist, collectivist Mainland China and capitalist, more
individualist Hong Kong. We collected survey data from 1,026 secondary school students in Guangzhou in Mainland China, and
from 1,116 in Hong Kong, to demonstrate these conditions. The results, which indicate the intimate relationship between parents
and adolescents, verify that family strain has a very strong impact on adolescent delinquency. In this connection, family
strain comprised parental support as a negative indicator. However, the effect of parental support on adolescent strain was
only weakly negative in Guangzhou and even positive in the case of nonworking mothers. The differentials in parental influence
between Guangzhou and Hong Kong are attributable to the different family policies and structures in the two cities. On the
other hand, family strain exhibited similar effects on two types of delinquency, violence and status offense. 相似文献
133.
Development and initial validation of a measure of supportive and unsupportive managerial behaviors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies documenting the positive consequences of managerial support have continued unabated, despite considerable ambiguity surrounding the conceptualization of this construct and the adoption of measures that lack specificity. Moreover, research on the positive effects of managerial support has overshadowed our understanding of the ways in which managers contribute to job strain. In order to address these gaps, we took an inductive approach, documenting supportive, and unsupportive managerial behaviors reported by a sample of 25 employees working in a variety of occupations. We subsequently developed a new measure of supportive and unsupportive managerial behaviors and validated it with two separate samples (N = 100; N = 247). The measure demonstrated strong internal reliability and convergent validity. Factor analysis of the measure yielded a two-factor model of support and a one-factor structure of unsupportive behaviors. Theoretical and organizational implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
134.
本文旨在探讨在德国的中国学生/学者跨文化适应与应激源和应激之间的关系。其中,跨文化适应分为总体、人际及学习/工作适应三方面.应激源分为社会和学习/工作两方面,而应激则有文化、心理和生理三个层面。被试为99名在德国的中国留学生及访同学者。研究结果表明:除工作/学习应激与总体适应没有显著负相关之外,应激源与三方面的跨文化适应均显著负相关,回归分析表明了同样的趋势。在应激与跨文化适应的关系上,适应良好的被试应激水平较低。总体适应能够预测文化、生理及生理应激。 相似文献
135.
Involvement of industry in academic research is widespread and associated with favorable outcomes for industry. The objective
of this study was to review empirical data on the attitudes of researchers toward industry involvement and financial ties
in research. A review of the literature for quantitative data from surveys on the attitudes of researchers to financial ties
in research, reported in English, resulted in the 17 studies included. Review of these studies revealed that investigators
are concerned about the impact of financial ties on choice of research topic, research conduct and publication, but this concern
is less among investigators already involved with industry. Researchers approve of industry collaboration and financial ties
when the ties are indirectly related to the research, disclosure is upfront, and results and ideas are freely publicized.
However, their trust in disclosure as a way to manage conflicts may reveal a lack of awareness of the actual impact of financial
incentives on themselves and other researchers.
This project was supported by grant number 5 T32 HS00086 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department
of Health and Human Services.
Dr. Glaser, Ph.D., Postgraduate Researcher, is currently Associate Specialist, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley. 相似文献
136.
《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(3-4):7-23
SUMMARY In this chapter, I review the literature in four sections central to my research questions. First, I review the socio-historical context of trends that have had an impact on single mothers in transition from economic assistance to self-sufficiency. Next, I present research that focuses on poor women's interactions with barriers to work versus self-sufficiency. Then I examine the reported interactions between work, family role strain, and the psychological well-being of low-income women during their transition to work. Finally, I introduce related literature that reflects studies and reports on the outcomes of TANF after 1996. 相似文献
137.
The study examined whether frequency of adolescent reported family routines moderated the relation between caregivers' perceptions of financial resources and adolescents' behavioral and academic outcomes among a sample of inner-city African American families. The sample consisted of 115 adolescents (average age = 15.95) and their female caregivers participating in a large scale study on African American family life. The results revealed a significant main effect of financial resources and family routine on adolescent outcomes, such that an increase in both was related to less delinquency and more favorable academic outcomes. Family routines moderated the relation between financial resources and adolescent outcomes. Specifically, the study revealed that the link between lack of financial resources and negative adolescent outcomes was diminished for youth in high-routine homes. Alternatively, family routines did not have a significant impact on youth from high-resource homes. Results highlight the importance of organization and predictability for economically disadvantaged youth and families. 相似文献
138.
The thermal stability of nanocrystalline fcc and hcp Ni(Si), obtained by mechanical alloying of Ni90Si10, has been studied. The allotropic transformation from fcc to hcp Ni(Si) is accompanied by a volume expansion of 8.6% and is observed when fcc Ni(Si) reaches a critical crystallite size of 10nm. The hcp phase transforms to stable fcc Ni(Si) at 573K. It has been identified that the lattice distortion in nanometre-sized crystallites from the equilibrium configuration and the decrease in the interfacial energy with grain refinement act as self obstacles in controlling the grain growth of nanocrystalline materials. 相似文献
139.
A. Caron R. Wunderlich D.V. Louzguine T. Egami H.-J. Fecht 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(12):751-756
The temperature dependence of the elastic moduli was estimated from ultrasound time of flight measurements performed on bulk metallic glasses of composition Zr63? x Cu24Al x Ni10Co3. Using the corresponding values at the glass transition temperature, the local atomic strain was determined. The obtained values for the critical atomic strain calculated for 8 at%?<?x?<?15 at% are close to the predicted universal criterion derived from a topological model, but may also reflect the difference in the chemical interaction that are not accounted by a topological approach. 相似文献
140.
Jidong Kang Raja K. Mishra David S. Wilkinson Odd S. Hopperstad 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(11):647-655
Experimental measurements of stress drops and band strains in type-B Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) bands were carried out for 5xxx series Al–Mg sheets with Mg content between 1.8 and 4.5?wt%. While the stress drops increase with global strain, the band strain values in all the samples follow a common linear relationship with global strain. The results indicate that the type-B PLC band strain is independent of solute content at given strain rate. 相似文献