情境理论的迁移观及其教育意义

支撑—活动观、社会共享认知观以及实践共同体观是当前情境理论中具有代表性的迁移观点。这些观点分别从不同的角度强调情境特性对迁移的影响,并主张在常规的学校教育中突出情境、尤其是社会文化与社会实践情境的作用。     

Person perception in the heat of conflict: Negative trait attributions affect procedural preferences and account for situational and cultural differences

Disputes by their nature involve contentious behavior. If one attributes such behavior to underlying personality traits, these attributions can be quite damning. The current research investigated negative trait attributions and their impact on dispute resolution decisions. We hypothesized that judging one's opponent to be low in agreeableness and high in emotionality (e.g. stubborn and volatile) shifts one's preference towards more formal procedures – formal in the sense that a third party judge controls the process and outcome. Drawing on the attribution literature, we hypothesized that two antecedents of these judgments (and consequent preferences) are the perceiver's level of prior information and the perceiver's cultural proclivity to explaining behavior in terms of personal dispositions. Results of an experiment measuring reactions to a hypothetical dispute found that prior information and culture (USA vs Hong Kong) increased trait attributions and preferences for formal procedures. Additionally, expectancy measures showed interaction effects suggesting that disputants dynamically construct expectancies in light of their personality impressions.     

Differentiated Citizenship and Contextualized Morality

Political theorists, increasingly, are realizing the virtues of contextuality to conceptual analysis. Just as theory may provide useful standards for the assessment of political practices, so may application of theoretical constructs within particular contexts provide a critical corrective to theory. This essay relates work undertaken within sociolegal studies applying a constitutive methodology to such efforts to contextualize political theorizing. The essay describes how the emphasis placed by constitutive theory on locality and meaning entails a contextual analysis. The essay then demonstrates how a constitutive and contextual approach can enhance our understanding of the moral issues surrounding differentiated citizenship policy. While the most obvious cost associated with differentiated citizenship policy is a loss in formal equality, a contextual assessment demonstrates the prospect of an even deeper, though ultimately contingent, moral loss in self-invention.     

Is culture a problem for social psychology?

Culture has been regarded as an anathema to psychology as an empiricist research tradition. Despite the explosive growth of research on culture and psychology over the last decade of the 20th century and its importance in Asian social psychology, the ontological and epistemological tension between psychology as a science and psychology as a cultural/historical discipline introduced in the writings of the thinkers of the Enlightenment and counter-Enlightenment still lingers on in the contemporary discourse of psychology. Clifford Geertz once ominously suggested that cultural psychology may have chewed more than it can. In the present paper, the interpretive turn in social science as exemplified by writings of Charles Taylor and Paul Ricoeur is reviewed and how it may impinge on the practice of Asian social psychology as an empirical science in methodological, epistemological, and ontological respects is discussed. It is argued here that the current practice of Asian social psychology is largely, though not entirely, free of the challenges mounted by these theorists, and that Asian social psychology has an advantage of not being encumbered by this traditional tension due to a monist ontology that is prevalent in Asia.     

Measuring the personality of Chinese: QZPS versus NEO PI-R

The response patterns of Chinese subjects to the items and facets of NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R) were investigated. The Big Five-factor structure underlying this instrument was not found, while a seven-factor structure, more recently proposed to represent the Chinese personality, emerged. A cross-cultural strategy was adopted to analyze these results and mechanisms through which culture influences personality, behavioral categories and specific behaviors were proposed. The results showed that the Big Seven model of Chinese personality was stable and Western personality questionnaires could not accurately measure the personality characteristics of the Chinese.     

初二学生学业求助及其影响因素研究

运用问卷调查法,探讨初二学生学业求助的动机特点和文化特色及其关系模式,研究结果表明：（1）学业求助态度和求助行为同成就目标、自我效能和文化因素有关;（2）成就目标、自我效能和文化因素对学业求助行为的影响是以学业求助态度为中介的;（3）学业求助既受动机因素的影响,又受文化因素的影响。     

科学发展与文化逻辑--从杨振宁论中国无科学的观点说起

每一个文明都有自己存在的理由和发展的逻辑线路,不同文明可以有不同的发展程度,但不能有凌驾于其他文明之上的话语解释权.近代科学作为近代西方文明的产物,也同时是古代多种文明融合的产物.科学发展离不开自身所属的文化逻辑,但反过来具备同等文化逻辑的文明未必就一定产生科学.科学作为文化的一种形态,它没有必要成为所有文明的必经之路.我们在尊重、发展作为现代化工具的科学技术的同时,要反对用科学话语来解释工具之上的东西.     

解析心理冲突的新角度--评介凯根的结构-发展理论

本文介绍了自我发展研究领域中罗伯特凯根提出的结构-发展理论及其特点,简析它与其它自我发展阶段论的异同。探讨了该理论在抚育、学校教育和临床咨询等方面的实践意义。     

时尚消费:意义表达与自我建构的工具

本文视时尚消费为一种文化现象,并在麦克莱肯的意义转移模型基础上提出意义互动模式,强调消费者的消费主体地位和时尚消费的创造性功能,指出消费者不仅接受着文化内涵,同时也通过自己的解构和重构积极地进行着意义和自我的建构。作为现代社会不可避免的现象,消费就这样以其独特的方式成为意义表达和自我建构的工具。     

制度伦理思想的传统溯源

制度伦理的兴起,在今天的中国是与社会主义市场经济的建立与发展紧密相联的。市场经济从根本上改变了传统社会的生产方式,从而动摇了传统德性伦理的生存土壤,致使德性伦理的边缘化。但由此就认为制度伦理是现代社会的产物,是市场经济的唯一形式显然又是有失偏颇的。追溯制度伦理文化的传统根源,对于我们弘扬民族文化和培育民族精神有一定的现实价值和借鉴意义。