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91.
Consistent with a family systems framework, this paper examines the clinical and research literatures to clarify the connection between chronic trauma exposure and family processes with a focus on the social ecology of low-income, urban neighborhoods. Strong empirical evidence demonstrates the impact of chronic trauma on individual family members and, in turn, on multiple family subsystems. Additionally, there is evidence that living under chronically harsh, traumatic circumstances slowly erodes family processes, specifically structure, relations, and coping. However, existing research reflects the problems inherent in sorting out relationships among multiple, often interrelated factors. Future research requires comprehensive theoretical models, such as systemic, transactional, or ecodevelopmental, along with sophisticated research designs, prospective, longitudinal or intervention, and multilevel analytic methods. 相似文献
92.
Family involvement in children's education is fundamental for academic success. This study extended the research on the Family Involvement Questionnaire for Early Childhood (FIQ-EC) by further developing the measure and testing its use with low-income urban elementary students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses affirmed three salient and reliable family involvement dimensions for a large sample of urban first- through fifth-grade students: Home-based Involvement, School-based Involvement, and Home–School Communication. Multivariate analyses demonstrated the significance of caregiver educational background, family characteristics, and child gender to involvement dimensions. Caregiver age or children's grade level did not significantly relate to family involvement dimensions. This study contributes to evidence for a multidimensional understanding of family involvement. 相似文献
93.
The institutional sources of articles published between 1992 and 2002 in five major family therapy journals—the American Journal of Family Therapy, Contemporary Family Therapy, Family Process, Journal of Family Psychology, and the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy were reviewed. Noteworthy similarities and differences as compared to earlier reviews were found. While no single institution dominated in numbers of publications, six of the top 10 institutions found between 1980 and 1995 were also found to be within the top 10 most productive institutions between 1992 and 2002. Patterns and changes in contributions from international sources, as well as from institutions with a COAMFTE-accredited program are discussed. Contributions from private practitioners and clinicians are also addressed. 相似文献
94.
95.
Over the last 20 years psychotherapy and family therapy have been inundated with a plethora of empirically validated treatments for particular disorders. That trend will increase. Psychotherapists will increasingly be exhorted and ultimately required to integrate empirical data and multicultural competence into their practice. Additionally, individual psychotherapy's default dominance of psychotherapeutic discourse needs to integrate and come to theoretical and clinical terms with the implications of the growing body of research demonstrating the validity and value of a multisystemic perspective. This article (and its companion article) presents a comprehensive, integrative, multisystemic, and empirically informed psychotherapeutic perspective to help therapists and psychotherapy trainers successfully address these challenges-Integrative Problem Centered Metaframeworks (IPCM) Therapy. This first article presents and illustrates IPCM's theoretical foundation, core concepts, and "case formulating" components. It delineates a Blueprint for the practice and teaching of 21st century psychotherapists who can meld science and art into best practice. 相似文献
96.
Adaptive behavior in autism is highly variable and strongly related to prognosis. This study explored family history as a potential source of variability in adaptive behavior in autism. Participants included 77 individuals (mean age = 18) with average or better intellectual ability and autism. Parents completed the Family History Interview about the presence of broader autism phenotype symptoms and major psychiatric disorders in first degree relatives. Adaptive behavior was assessed via the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Based on family history variables, age, and intelligence quotient (IQ), 87% of participants were correctly classified as having impaired or average VABS scores. Family history of depression and shyness accounted for the most variance in VABS scores, and they had the greatest influence on VABS Socialization scores in particular. Possible underlying mechanisms include genetics, psychosocial factors, and social resources. This study provides initial evidence of the importance of family history to adaptive behavior in autism and has implications for genetics and treatment. 相似文献
97.
The study examined similarities and differences between people having individualist and collectivist cultural orientations
in terms of what they perceive as stressful and uplifting experiences in their daily lives, and the relation between daily
experiences and family and life satisfaction. Data were collected from two representative community samples (697 Jews and
303 Arabs). Each sample was grouped into individualist and collectivist cultural orientations. The two cultural orientation
groups differed with respect to the appraisal of positive and negative daily experiences. A structural equation modeling (SEM)
multi-group analysis indicated a similar factor structure for hassles and uplifts in both groups. However, the two groups
differed in the effects of positive and negative daily occurrences on family and life satisfaction. 相似文献
98.
This study examined to what extent bullying behavior of popular adolescents is responsible for whether bullying is more or
less likely to be accepted or rejected by peers (popularity-norm effect) rather than the behavior of all peers (class norm).
Specifically, the mean level of bullying by the whole class (class norm) was split into behavior of popular adolescents (popularity-norm)
and behavior of non-popular adolescents (non-popularity-norm), and examined in its interaction with individual bullying on
peer acceptance and peer rejection. The data stem from a peer-nominations subsample of TRAILS, a large population-based sample
of adolescent boys and girls (N = 3312). The findings of multilevel regression analyses demonstrated that the negative impact of individual bullying on peer
acceptance and the positive impact on peer rejection were particularly weakened by bullying by popular adolescents. These
results place the class-norm effects found in previous person-group dissimilarity studies in a different light, suggesting
that particularly bullying by popular adolescents is related to the social status attached to bullying.
相似文献
Jan Kornelis DijkstraEmail: |
99.
Drawing on transactional theories of child development, we assessed bidirectional links between trajectories of adolescent
substance use and parenting processes from early through mid adolescence. Hierarchical generalized models estimated trajectories
for 3,317 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, exploring both between- and within-individual effects.
Between individuals, adolescents reporting more regular family activities and greater father and mother knowledge of friends
and teachers experienced lower levels of substance use through mid adolescence. Similarly, adolescents with more frequent
substance use reported lower family activities, father knowledge, and mother knowledge, though these differences dissipated
over time. More conservative within-individual differences indicated a prospective protective effect of family activities,
with increases in adolescent participation in family activities predicting later declines in substance use. Results support
the central importance of engagement in regular family activities, and suggest the need for further exploration of transactional
processes between parents and children in the development of risk behaviors. 相似文献
100.
Lieke L. ten Brummelhuis Tanja van der Lippe Esther S. Kluwer Henk Flap 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,73(3):387-396
We aimed to explain the influence of family involvement on feelings of burnout among employees who combine work and family tasks. As proxies for family involvement, we used the family structure (partner, number and age of children) and family tasks (e.g. hours spent on household chores). We compared conflict theory and enrichment theory, and investigated how well they explain the relationship between family involvement and feelings of burnout. Based on a sample of 1046 employees at 30 Dutch organizations, the results showed that the presence of young children and doing more household chores were positively related to feelings of burnout, whereas having children reduced employees’ feelings of burnout. We also investigated interaction effects of gender and gender-role norms. We conclude that family life can reduce work-related burnout and that for men, the relationship between family involvement and feelings of burnout differs depending on whether they have traditional or modern gender-role norms. 相似文献