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101.
Robert G. Franklin Jr. Reginald B. Adams Jr. 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(5):1156-1159
The current study conceptualizes facial attractiveness as a dual-process judgment, combining sexual and aesthetic value. We hypothesized that holistic face processing is more integral to perceiving aesthetic preference and feature-based processing is more integral to sexual preference. In order to manipulate holistic versus feature-based processing, we used a variation of the composite face paradigm. Previous work indicates that slightly shifting the top from the bottom half of a face disrupts holistic processing and enhances feature-based processing. In the present study, while nonsexual judgments best explained facial attraction in whole-face images, a reversal occurred for split-face images such that sexual judgments best explained facial attraction, but only for mate-relevant faces (i.e., other-sex). These findings indicate that disrupting holistic processing can decouple sexual from nonsexual judgments of facial attraction, thereby establishing the presence of a dual-process. 相似文献
102.
Aggressive responding following benzodiazepine ingestion has been recorded in both experimental and client populations, however, the mechanism responsible for this outcome is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify an affective concomitant linked to diazepam‐induced aggression that might be responsible for this relationship. Thirty males (15 diazepam and 15 placebo) participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm while covertly being videotaped. The videotapes were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System with the goal of identifying facial expression differences between the two groups. Relative to placebo participants, diazepam participants selected significantly higher shock settings for their opponents, consistent with past findings using this paradigm. Diazepam participants also engaged in significantly fewer appeasement expressions (associated with the self‐conscious emotions) during the task, although there were no group differences for other emotion expressions or for movements in general. Aggr. Behav. 35:203–212, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
103.
Bimodal bilinguals are hearing individuals who know both a signed and a spoken language. Effects of bimodal bilingualism on behavior and brain organization are reviewed, and an fMRI investigation of the recognition of facial expressions by ASL-English bilinguals is reported. The fMRI results reveal separate effects of sign language and spoken language experience on activation patterns within the superior temporal sulcus. In addition, the strong left-lateralized activation for facial expression recognition previously observed for deaf signers was not observed for hearing signers. We conclude that both sign language experience and deafness can affect the neural organization for recognizing facial expressions, and we argue that bimodal bilinguals provide a unique window into the neurocognitive changes that occur with the acquisition of two languages. 相似文献
104.
Phonological and visual theories propose different primary deficits as part of the explanation for dyslexia. Both theories were put to test in a sample of Spanish dyslexic readers. Twenty-one dyslexic and 22 typically-developing children matched on chronological age were administered phonological discrimination and awareness tasks and coherent motion perception tasks. No differences were found between groups on the coherent motion tasks, whereas dyslexic readers were impaired relative to controls on phonological discrimination tasks. Gender differences followed the opposite pattern, with no differences on phonological tasks, and dyslexic girls performing significantly worse than dyslexic boys in coherent motion perception. These results point to the importance of phonological deficits related to speech perception in Spanish, and to possible gender differences in the neurobiological bases for dyslexia. 相似文献
105.
Looking at You or Looking Elsewhere: The Influence of Head Orientation on the Signal Value of Emotional Facial Expressions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of horizontal head tilt for the perceptions of emotional facial expressions was examined. For this, a total of 387
participants rated facial expressions of anger, fear, sadness, and happiness, as well as neutral expressions shown by two
men and two women in either a direct or an averted face angle. Decoding accuracy, attributions of dominance and affiliation,
emotional reactions of the perceivers, and the felt desire to approach the expresser were assessed. Head position was found
to strongly influence reactions to anger and fear but less so for other emotions. Direct anger expressions were more accurately
decoded, perceived as less affiliative, and elicited higher levels of anxiousness and repulsion, as well as less desire to
approach than did averted anger expressions. Conversely, for fear expressions averted faces elicited more negative affect
in the perceiver. These findings suggest that horizontal head position is an important cue for the assessment of threat.
相似文献
Ursula HessEmail: |
106.
Lisa A. Parr 《Animal cognition》2001,4(3-4):223-229
The ability to understand emotion in others is one of the most important factors involved in regulating social interactions
in primates. Such emotional awareness functions to coordinate activity among group members, enable the formation of long-lasting
individual relationships, and facilitate the pursuit of shared interests. Despite these important evolutionary implications,
comparative studies of emotional processing in humans and great apes are practically nonexistent, constituting a major gap
in our understanding of the extent to which emotional awareness has played an important role in shaping human behavior and
societies. This paper presents the results of two experiments that examine chimpanzees' responses to emotional stimuli. First,
changes in peripheral skin temperature were measured while subjects viewed three categories of emotionally negative video
scenes; conspecifics being injected with needles (INJ), darts and needles alone (DART), and conspecific directing agonism
towards the veterinarians (CHASE). Second, chimpanzees were required to use facial expressions to categorize emotional video
scenes, i.e., favorite food and objects and veterinarian procedures, according to their positive and negative valence. With
no prior training, subjects spontaneously matched the emotional videos to conspecific facial expressions according to their
shared emotional meaning, indicating that chimpanzee facial expressions are processed emotionally, as are human expressions.
Decreases in peripheral skin temperature, indicative of negative sympathetic arousal, were significantly lower when subjects
viewed the INJ and DART videos, compared to the CHASE videos, indicating greater negative arousal when viewing conspecifics
being injected with needles, and needles themselves, than when viewing conspecifics engaged in general agonism.
Accepted after revision: 8 April 2001
❚
Electronic Publication 相似文献
107.
关于孤独症谱系障碍个体探测生物运动的能力是否受损,已有行为研究尚存分歧。导致分歧的原因可能是实验刺激、实验任务和测量指标存在差异。然而,神经研究却一致证实其潜在的神经机制存在异常。领域特殊性观点认为该障碍可能是基于后侧颞上沟功能异常的社会性功能障碍,也可能是基于镜像神经元功能异常的社会性功能障碍;而领域一般性观点认为该障碍可能是基于背侧视觉流功能异常的视运动知觉障碍,也可能基于脑功能联结异常的弱中央统合障碍。据此,本文将从研究范式、行为表现及潜在机制三个方面梳理相关研究,以期为后续研究提供新方向。 相似文献
108.
Tomomi Fujimura Yoshi-Taka Matsuda Kentaro Katahira Masato Okada 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(4):587-601
We investigated whether categorical perception and dimensional perception can co-occur while decoding emotional facial expressions. In Experiment 1, facial continua with endpoints consisting of four basic emotions (i.e., happiness–fear and anger–disgust) were created by a morphing technique. Participants rated each facial stimulus using a categorical strategy and a dimensional strategy. The results show that the happiness–fear continuum was divided into two clusters based on valence, even when using the dimensional strategy. Moreover, the faces were arrayed in order of the physical changes within each cluster. In Experiment 2, we found a category boundary within other continua (i.e., surprise–sadness and excitement–disgust) with regard to the arousal and valence dimensions. These findings indicate that categorical perception and dimensional perception co-occurred when emotional facial expressions were rated using a dimensional strategy, suggesting a hybrid theory of categorical and dimensional accounts. 相似文献
109.
110.
Research on automatic attention to emotional faces offers mixed results. Therefore we examined validity effects for facial expressions of different emotions (compared to neutral faces) with a dot-probe paradigm in seven studies (total N?=?308). Systematic variations of type of emotion, CTI, task, cue size, and masking allow for a differentiated assessment of attentional capture by emotions and possible moderating factors. Results indicate a general absence of emotional validity effects as well as a lack of significant interactions with either of the manipulated factors, indicating that facial expressions of emotions do not capture attention in a fully automatic fashion. These findings suggest that situational and contextual factors have to be taken into account when investigating attentional capture of emotional faces. 相似文献