听觉障碍人群的言语机制

对听觉障碍人群言语机制的研究,提供了独特的视角来探讨人脑内语言专门化系统的组织。该回顾了近年来在该领域内进行的损伤研究及功能性成像研究,着重综述了三个问题：(1)左右半球损伤造成的手语失语症的特点;(2)手语加工过程中左右半球的激活模式;(3)先天聋被试在阅读唇语过程中的脑内激活模式及后部扣带皮层在唇语阅读过程中的可能作用。     

不同语言理解能力中学生的抑制加工

该研究使用移动视窗技术考察了初二和高一年级中的高低语言理解能力学生在完成句子一探测词语义适合度判断时抑制句子尾词与探测词之间语义联系干扰的抑制加工能力。结果表明：(t)在BOA为100ms条件下所有个体都不能有效压抑无关信息干扰;而在SOA为850ms条件下．不同语言理解能力个体表现出抑制加工能力的差异。(2)高一年级学生的抑制加工能力优于初二年级。     

儿童绘画与语言关系的发展研究综述

儿童绘画与儿童语言的关系,是儿童绘画心理及符号认知发展研究中的重点和难点问题。文章在简要回顾儿童绘画心理相关研究的基础之上,从绘画与语言都是符号、二者在发生和发展过程中的相似性以及二者心理发展阶段的一致性等方面介绍了儿童绘画与语言相互关系的研究。这些研究的结果表明,不同符号系统之间联系的焦点在于意义,意义是沟通两个符号系统的纽带。儿童绘画与语言的关系随着儿童的发展而变化。文章还分析了这些研究中存在的不足并提出了今后研究的思路。     

不同文化语境与难度下第二语言阅读的眼动追踪研究

用眼动追踪仪对第二语言为英语的20名视力正常大学生阅读不同文化语境与难度英语材料的眼动过程进行了记录。结果发现:1.不同文化语境与难度下大学生英语阅读的理解成绩、阅读速度与阅读效率是有差异的;2.阅读材料的文化语境对大学生英语阅读的眼动模式构成影响,分别影响学生的注视次数、眼跳距离和回视次数;3.英语阅读材料的难度也影响到学生阅读的眼动模式。     

中医理论变革：一个非明确限定性问题

以“传统中医理论如何变革”为中医务虚研究的核心问题,并从思维心理学的角度探讨了解决这一非明确限定性问题的三个阶段在准备阶段应理解中医理论的存在有双重意义,故应有两种问题表征;在产生解决办法阶段提议可借鉴西方心理学的流派发展倾向来认知中医变革的方法倾向,后又强调了语言形式对中医理论思维的重要影响,指出应当以语言学知识和临床实际去重建中医学术语言的“语义场”,参照信息加工理论,努力减少“编码”失误;在问题解决的评定阶段,强调由于评定本身就比较困难,所以在应对反馈意见时应坚持革新的信念,及时校正算子。     

后现代语境下医学语言的伦理解读

医学的现代性遗产和后现代世界的冲突在不断加剧,导致了对医学语言理解的困境和伦理意义的丧失。后现代主义极力寻求人类理解的解释性基础,使后现代医学语言的伦理选择成为可能。在后现代语境下,医学语言的伦理应该是摆脱现代性“文化霸权”的一种诠释学的谈话,是一种境遇伦理。     

老年病人心理干预的语言艺术

恰当运用临床医学语言与沟通技巧,对老年病人实施心理干预,既是一种重要的治疗手段,也是医德的重要组成部分,更是一门充满人文关怀的医疗艺术.     

Baby Wordsmith

ABSTRACT— How do infants acquire their first words? Word reference , or how words map onto objects and events, lies at the core of this question. The emergentist coalition model (ECM) represents a new wave of hybrid developmental theories suggesting that the process of vocabulary development changes from one based in perceptual salience and association to one embedded in social understanding. Beginning at 10 months, babies learn words associatively, ignoring the speaker's social cues and using perceptual salience to guide them. By 12 months, babies attend to social cues, but fail to recruit them for word learning. By 18 and 24 months, babies recruit speakers' social cues to learn the names of particular objects speakers label, regardless of those objects' perceptual attraction. Controversies about how to account for the changing character of word acquisition, along with the roots of children's increasing reliance on speakers' social intent, are discussed.     

Johnson on the Metaphysics of Argument

This paper responds to two aspects of Ralph Johnson's Manifest Rationality (2000). The first is his critique of deductivism. The second is his failure to make room for some species of argument (e.g., visual and kisceral arguments) proposed by recent commentators. In the first case, Johnson holds that argumentation theorists have adopted a notion of argument which is too narrow. In the second, that they have adopted one which is too broad. I discuss the case Johnson makes for both claims, and possible objections to his analysis.     

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of neuromotor behaviour in children with a specific speech and language disorder

Several studies have described problems in a wide area of motor functions in language impaired children. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature of the motor deficits in two subgroups of language impaired children. A standard neurological examination was performed on 18 children with an expressive language disorder and 21 children with a receptive language disorder. The motor performance of the language disordered children was compared with the motor performance of 23 normal children. The standard neurological examination allowed for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of five specific neurological subsystems. Handedness was determined for all children. The language impaired children had more motor problems than the control children on most neurological subsystems. There were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of language impaired children. An excess in left‐handedness was established in the group of children with a receptive language disorder. There was a co‐occurrence of verbal and non‐verbal deficits in language impaired children. As these motor problems put an additional burden on the development of language impaired children, they should be diagnosed as early as possible. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.