The Effect of Perfectionism and Unconditional Self-acceptance on Depression

The study examined the relationships between perfectionism, unconditional self-acceptance and depression. The non-clinical sample comprised 134 participants, each of whom completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory (CES-D) and several measures of perfectionism. Significant levels of association were found between all measures, and support was provided for the concept of perfectionism as having a neutral core, distinguishable from its consequences, and for the theory that it is the negative consequences of perfectionism, rather than perfectionism per se, that lead to depression. Path Analysis provided support for the mediator model proposed by Flett et al. [Flett, G. L., Besser, A., Davis, R. A., Hewitt, P. L. (2003). Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21, 119–138], in which unconditional self-acceptance mediates the effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on depression, and for a more generic model, in which the core construct of perfectionism can have negative consequences, which lead to low levels of unconditional self-acceptance, and thence to depression. Finally, a distinction was drawn between developmental and operational models of perfectionism.     

自尊结构研究的发展趋势

近年来,自尊结构的研究领域内出现了一些新进展,主要表现在：（1）内隐自尊研究的逐步兴起;（2）由注重总体自尊的研究到注重研究自尊的结构和具体自尊;（3）注重对自尊稳定性维度的分析研究;（4）注重对自尊结构的跨文化研究。这些都为我们理解和探讨自尊结构提供了新的观点和视角。文章综述了该研究领域的进展,并对今后的自尊结构研究作了展望。     

中西方面子研究综述

本文在详细回顾了过去半个多世纪的面子理论研究之后,得出结论认为目前面子研究中存在的一个最主要的问题是基本概念不清,多停留于理论层次的探讨,缺乏可靠的结论与实际的证据。针对此种现状,笔者建议从与面子具有本质性联系的自尊概念人手针对面子的内涵及其机制进行可行性的探究。     

193例戒毒者人格类型及其与自尊、社会支持和应对策略的关系

以193名戒毒者为被试,运用问卷法和对数线性模型调查和分析了戒毒者个人背景及其与戒毒行为的关系,通过聚类分析概括出戒毒者的三种人格类型,并探讨了不同人格类型戒毒者在自尊、社会支持、应对策略上的特点及其关系。结果表明：(1)中低教育程度与中低经济收入显著正相关;男性所估计的戒毒时间远远少于女性;吸毒时间越长,复吸的可能性越大。(2)外向冲动型戒毒者的自尊水平最高,其次是内向顺从者,身心障碍者的自尊水平显著低于外向冲动者。(3)身心障碍者对支持的主观体验和利用程度越高,所采取的面对策略越多;所获得的支持越多,越少采取屈服策略。而内向顺从者和外向冲动者对所获支持的满意程度越高,越少采取面对策略;对支持的利用程度越高,所采取的屈服策略越多。     

Determinants of National Identity in East and West Germany: An Empirical Comparison of Theories on the Significance of Authoritarianism, Anomie, and General Self-Esteem

This paper presents an integrated theoretical model of national identity, nationalism, and patriotism that takes into account some action-theoretical deliberations, the theories of authoritarianism and anomie, and the social identity approach. The model was tested empirically for citizens of the former East and West Germany with the use of a structural equations model. Most of the hypotheses were supported: Authoritarianism has a significant potential to explain national identity and nationalism. Anomie and general self-esteem are of subordinate relevance. Generally, East and West Germans identify themselves with Germany for the same reasons. However, these results suggest a more differentiated analysis of the effects of anomie and general self-esteem in explaining national identity.     

Gender differences in implicit prejudice

In three experiments (n=131), we examined gender differences in implicit (and explicit) racial prejudice employing priming of immigrant and Swedish facial photographs without attention or without awareness. Implicit prejudice was defined as the degree of negativity expressed toward a person described in a subsequent ambiguous story in an impression formation task. We found, contrary to our hypothesis, that women displayed systematically higher implicit prejudice than men in all three experiments, although men scored higher on explicit prejudice than women. The results are discussed against the background of related prejudice research, the dissociation of implicit and explicit prejudice, and gender differences in cognitive functioning, especially in the processing of pictorial stimuli.     

242例戒毒女性人际关系和自尊水平的调查与分析

以甘肃省两大戒毒所242例戒毒女性为调查对象,运用自尊量表(The Self-esteemScale-SES,Rasenberg,1965)和背景资料调查问卷,探究影响戒毒女性自尊、人际关系的因素。结果发现：(1)吸毒持续时间对戒毒女性的人际关系具有显著性影响;而戒毒次数及吸毒持续时间与戒毒次数的交互作用对她们人际关系的影响并不显著。(2)戒毒女性的自尊评分与正常人群的自尊评分存在着显著性差异;(3)吸毒持续时间对戒毒女性自尊评分存在显著性影响;戒毒次数及吸毒持续时间与戒毒次数的交互作用对戒毒女性自尊评分的影响并不显著。     

网络对青少年学生自尊和自我和谐的影响研究

本研究用自尊量表和自我和谐量表对345名中学生自尊及自我和谐与不同上网次数的学生之间的心理关系进行测量。结果表明,网络在学生的自我和谐和自尊的发展总体不存在显著差异。方差分析和回归分析结果表明从不上网、偶尔上网和经常上网三类学生在自尊与自我和谐的发展各有特点。这提示我们应该辩证地认识网络的作用,相信青少年是有思考力的群体,在对待三类不同的学生采取不同的教育措施。     

问题学生的自尊及其相关因素研究

本研究以初一至初三年级的235名问题学生和143名普通学生为对象,对问题学生的自尊及其相关因素进行了研究。结果表明：(1)问题学生的自尊除初三外一般比普通学生低,这与普通学生在初三自尊的显著降低有关;(2)问题学生的自尊不存在显著的年级或年龄差异,而普通学生的自尊表现出明显的随年龄增长下降的趋势;(3)问题学生的父母教养方式和生活事件所带来的应激与其自尊的发展存在极其显著的相关,问题学生的负性生活事件应激强度显著高于普通学生;(4)问题学生的自尊与其心理健康水平存在非常显著的相关。提示自尊发展是影响问题学生心理健康状况的重要因素之一。