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141.
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Self-esteem affects individuals in a variety of psychological processes substantially and extensively. While an increase in self-esteem over time was observed in the USA, different patterns of temporal change in self-esteem were observed in other societies. We analysed the responses (n = 305 229) collected between 1993 and 2016 from 609 articles to examine the patterns of temporal change in self-esteem in China and its relations with socioecological conditions. Additionally, we explored the patterns in different groups, including secondary school students (158 samples; n = 97 751), college students (427 samples; n = 153 474), and community participants (232 samples; n = 54 004). Some major findings were noted: (i) overall, the level of self-esteem increased over time. However, we also found a significant curvilinear trend in self-esteem with a decline followed by a recent increase; (ii) some evidence for the relationship between socioecological factors and self-esteem was obtained; and (iii) the patterns varied in different cohort groups. Specifically, secondary school students showed a different pattern, in which their self-esteem level did not show a significant linear trend and was not correlated with the examined socioecological factors. The implications on the theories for the relationship between personality characteristics and socioecological conditions were discussed. 相似文献
143.
Janina Larissa Bühler Rebekka Weidmann Jenna Wünsche Robert Philip Burriss Alexander Grob 《欧洲人格杂志》2020,34(3):367-392
The associations between couple members' personality and their relationship satisfaction can be conceptualized as reciprocal transactions. To better understand these transactions, we focused on both partners' interpersonal vulnerabilities (i.e. neuroticism, low self-esteem, and insecure attachment); daily emotional, cognitive, and behavioural relationship components (i.e. perceived responsiveness, positive expectations, and self-disclosure); and relationship satisfaction. Specifically, we examined whether the average levels and within-person variability of the relationship components mediated the transactions between interpersonal vulnerabilities and relationship satisfaction. Data came from 689 female–male couples aged 18 to 81 years who participated in three measurement occasions across 12 months, including a 14-day diary phase. We used mediated dyadic bivariate latent change score models to test the level–change and change–change transactions and mediations. The findings partly supported our hypotheses: Couple members with interpersonal vulnerabilities had lower average levels (but not higher within-person variability) of the relationship components, and less satisfied couple members had lower average levels and higher within-person variability of these components. The lower average levels but not the variability mediated between a lower level of relationship satisfaction and an increase in avoidant attachment. No other mediations were observed. We discuss the importance of studying daily relationship components for better understanding reciprocal transactions in couples. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
144.
为考察父母忽视对青少年自杀意念的影响及其作用机制,采用父母忽视量表、自尊量表、希望量表和自杀意念量表,对全国七个省份八所中学共845名初二学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)父母忽视、自尊、希望和自杀意念两两之间存在显著的相关,且父母忽视对自杀意念具有显著的正向预测作用;(2)自尊和希望在父母忽视与自杀意念的关系中起部分中介作用。具体而言,父母忽视通过三条路径影响自杀意念:一是自尊的单独中介作用;二是希望的单独中介作用;三是自尊-希望的链式中介作用。本研究揭示了父母忽视与青少年自杀意念的关系及其作用机制,对预防以及减少青少年自杀行为具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
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146.
Sense of agency (SoA) describes the experience of being the author of an action. Cue integration approaches divide SoA into an implicit level, mostly relying on prospective sensorimotor signals, and an explicit level, resulting from an integration of sensorimotor and contextual cues based on their reliability. Integration mechanisms at each level and the contribution of implicit to explicit SoA remain underspecified. In a task of movements with visual outcomes, we tested the effect of social context (contextual cue) and sensory prediction congruency (retrospective sensorimotor cue) over implicit (intentional binding) and explicit (verbal judgments) SoA. Our results suggest that prospective sensorimotor cues determine implicit SoA. At the explicit level, retrospective sensorimotor cues and contextual cues are partly integrated in an additive way, but contextual cues can also act as a heuristic if sensorimotor cues are highly unreliable. We also found no significant association between implicit and explicit SoA. 相似文献
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148.
Billingsley RL Lou Smith M Pat McAndrews M 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2002,82(3):251-277
Developmental trajectories of two classes of human memory, implicit and explicit memory, appear to diverge. We examined how developmental differences in perceptual and conceptual priming, two types of implicit memory, coincide with differences between familiarity and recollective responses on explicit memory tests that employ the Remember/Know paradigm ( Tulving, 1985 ). Both types of priming were characterized by developmental invariance in 52 children and adolescents ages 8-19 years. Contrary to Komatsu, Naito, and Fuke (1996) results, few age-group differences in perceptual priming were observed following a levels-of-processing encoding manipulation. In contrast, age group differences were found for "Remember" but not "Know" responses. Neither levels of awareness nor strategies influenced priming. Adult levels of performance appear earlier in development on perceptual and conceptual priming tests compared to explicit memory tests. Similar developmental dissociations exist between explicit and implicit memory performance as between "Remember" and "Know" recollective responses. 相似文献
149.
Low self-esteem and hopelessness in childhood and suicidal ideation in early adulthood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the longitudinal relationship between family characteristics in early childhood, self-esteem, hopelessness and thoughts of self-harm in the midchildhood years, and suicidal ideation at ages 18 and 21. Path analysis was used to establish separate models for boys and girls. The results suggested different pathways to later suicidal ideation for boys and girls. For boys, suicidal ideation seemed to have stronger roots in childhood, with significant paths from low self-esteem and hopelessness to early thoughts of self-harm and thence to later ideation. For girls, self-esteem had a small but significant direct effect on later suicidal ideation. The findings provide support for the idea that individual characteristics such as feelings of hopelessness and low self-esteem act as generative mechanisms, linking early childhood family characteristics to suicidal ideation in early adulthood. 相似文献
150.
选取3、4、5年级学生和他们的母亲各694人,采用小学儿童母亲行为问卷、自尊问卷(SEI)与小学儿童母亲背景问卷进行施测,对小学儿童自尊与其母亲行为之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)在小学3-5年级儿童中,自尊得分与母亲的各种支持行为之间的相关均不显著;除母亲陪伴性和情感性的不支持行为外,工具性、信息性和极端性的不支持行为与自尊得分之间呈现出显著或极其显著的负相关;不支持行为变量组对儿童的自尊水平具有极其显著的预测作用,而支持行为变量并未引起回归方程的显著变化。(2)宽松型、支配干涉型、温暖型与严厉型母亲行为教养下的儿童自尊得分具有显著的差异,其中宽松型母亲教养下的儿童自尊明显高于严厉型。(3)母亲的行为类型与儿童的年龄、性别、独生与否及母亲的年龄、职业与受教育水平、城乡因素在儿童自尊上均不存在显著的交互作用。 相似文献