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721.
Reconceptualizing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods: A Case Study Dealing with Place as an Exemplar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Langhout RD 《American journal of community psychology》2003,32(3-4):229-244
A useful framework for understanding methods is to think of them as being on a continuum of holistic and pattern focused to particularistic and specific. This paper argues for this conceptualization rather than thinking of quantitative and qualitative methods as oppositional and potentially contradictory. A case study provides an example of using both quantitative and qualitative methods in a holistic and pattern-focused study, while also attending to the values and goals of community psychology. The substantive research goal is to understand a child's experience of places related to school. Methods include ethnographic long-term participation and observation, interviews, multidimensional scaling, and social network analysis. Most quantitative method variables are generated from study participants; no outside structure is imposed. The quantitative methods extend and inform the qualitative methods, just as the qualitative methods extend and inform the quantitative methods. The quantitative and qualitative methods work reciprocally to extend and inform each other. 相似文献
722.
723.
Gaillard V Vandenberghe M Destrebecqz A Cleeremans A 《Consciousness and cognition》2006,15(4):709-722
How do we find out whether someone is conscious of some information or not? A simple answer is “We just ask them”! However, things are not so simple. Here, we review recent developments in the use of subjective and objective methods in implicit learning research and discuss the highly complex methodological problems that their use raises in the domain. 相似文献
724.
This paper considers an approach to teaching ethics in bioengineering based on the How People Learn (HPL) framework. Curricula
based on this framework have been effective in mathematics and science instruction from the kindergarten to the college levels.
This framework is well suited to teaching bioengineering ethics because it helps learners develop “adaptive expertise”. Adaptive
expertise refers to the ability to use knowledge and experience in a domain to learn in unanticipated situations. It differs
from routine expertise, which requires using knowledge appropriately to solve routine problems. Adaptive expertise is an important
educational objective for bioengineers because the regulations and knowledge base in the discipline are likely to change significantly
over the course of their careers. This study compares the performance of undergraduate bioengineering students who learned
about ethics for stem cell research using the HPL method of instruction to the performance of students who learned following
a standard lecture sequence. Both groups learned the factual material equally well, but the HPL group was more prepared to
act adaptively when presented with a novel situation. 相似文献
725.
726.
Individual Concepts in Modal Predicate Logic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The article deals with the interpretation of propositional attitudes in the framework of modal predicate logic. The first part discusses the classical puzzles arising from the interplay between propositional attitudes, quantifiers and the notion of identity. After comparing different reactions to these puzzles it argues in favor of an analysis in which evaluations of de re attitudes may vary relative to the ways of identifying objects used in the context of use. The second part of the article gives this analysis a precise formalization from a model- and proof-theoretic perspective.
This material has grown out of Chapters 2 and 4 of my PhD thesis Quantification under Conceptual Covers. 相似文献
727.
How the nervous system encodes learning and memory processes has interested researchers for 100 years. Over this span of time, a number of basic neuroscience methods has been developed to explore the relationship between learning and the brain, including brain lesion, stimulation, pharmacology, anatomy, imaging, and recording techniques. In this paper, we summarize how different research approaches can be employed to generate converging data that speak to how structures and systems in the brain are involved in simple associative learning. To accomplish this, we review data regarding the involvement of a particular region of cerebellar cortex (Larsell's lobule HVI) in the widely used paradigm of classical eyeblink conditioning. We also present new data on the role of lobule HVI in eyeblink conditioning generated by combining temporary brain inactivation and single-cell recording methods, an approach that looks promising for further advancing our understanding of relationships between brain and behavior. 相似文献
728.
729.
Kristianna G. Pettibone Karen B. Friend Jessica E. Nargiso Paul Florin 《American journal of community psychology》2013,51(1-2):217-221
In this introductory article we define environmental change strategies (ECS), summarize the primary challenges associated with evaluating ECS, and provide an overview of the methods researchers have employed to begin to address these challenges. This special issue provides a range of examples, from researchers and practitioners in the field, of different approaches for addressing these challenges. These articles present new methods to understand and test how ECS are implemented and propose methods to evaluate their implementation. The content of the articles covers multiple public health issues, including substance abuse prevention, tobacco control, HIV prevention, and obesity prevention. This special issue is intended to build the evidence base for effective ECS, generate compelling discussion, critical analyses, and spur future research that will help improve the implementation and evaluation of ECS. 相似文献
730.
Nancy E. Carson Christine E. Blake Ruth P. Saunders Jane C. O'Brien 《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2013,29(4):361-384
The objective of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing the healthiness of food choice behaviors of community-dwelling adults with severe mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in an outpatient treatment facility with 20 program participants and 10 staff. Grounded theory analysis methods were used. Five dominant themes emerged: food availability, preference for simple food preparation, perceived cost of food, complexity of choice, and relative importance of healthy food choices. The theme of medication effects only emerged from staff interviews. This research can be useful to inform the design of nutrition interventions for this population. 相似文献