Does the German version of the Exercise Dependence Scale measure exercise dependence?

ObjectiveTo examine the concordance of a questionnaire-based categorization as ‘at-risk for exercise dependence’ and an interview-based diagnosis of exercise dependence.DesignOne hundred thirty four subjects answered the German version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (EDS-G). They were also assessed with a structured clinical interview for exercise dependence.MethodThe congruence between the questionnaire-based categorizations of ‘at-risk for exercise dependence’ and the diagnosis of exercise dependence based on the interview was examined using κ-coefficients.ResultThe agreement between questionnaire-based and interview-based diagnoses was fair to moderate with more false positive categorization based on the EDS-G.ConclusionAssuming that a structured clinical interview allows a more accurate diagnostic categorization, the EDS-G might overestimate the prevalence of exercise dependence.     

过度担忧和广泛性焦虑障碍与rCBF关系的SPECT脑显像研究

目的：探查过度担忧者和GAD病人的r CBF变化,更好地了解导致病理性焦虑和GAD的神经病理生理学基础。方法：回顾性分析18例过度担忧者和61例GAD病人SPECT脑显像的结果。GAD患者再按病程分为3个亚组。计算各组患者特定脑区r CBF损伤的百分比及损伤的脑区数。结果：12例（66.7%）过度担忧者可见前额叶、基底节、扣带回、颞叶和枕叶r CBF增加（11例）和/或减少（9例）。58例（95.1%）GAD患者可见r CBF减少,主要累及中和下前额叶、中和下颞叶、前扣带、海马旁回、基底节和丘脑。大多数GAD患者累及的主要脑区等于或大于3个。GAD病人的r CBF损伤和病程之间存在一定的相关性。结论：结果支持GAD患者r CBF的变化是一个与担忧和焦虑等心理和情绪改变密切相关的慢性和渐进的过程。GAD的局部脑功能障碍是病理性焦虑产生的先决条件,并出现在局部脑结构异常之前。