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Need for Cognition (NFC), the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking, is usually directly measured via self-report. In order to validate an indirect NFC Implicit Association Test, we followed up on evidence suggesting NFC to be related to electrocortical indicators of bottom-up and top-down attention allocation in an oddball paradigm. In 99 participants, we did not find effects of directly and indirectly measured NFC on the processing of task-irrelevant stimuli, but found a main effect of explicit NFC on bottom-up target processing and an interactive effect of explicit and implicit NFC on top-down target processing. These findings further implicate NFC in the modulation of attention allocation and highlight the usefulness of direct and indirect measures in individual differences research. 相似文献
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BackgroundIndividuals with substance use disorder show attentional bias toward drug-related cues, which may be associated with attentional control deficits. Although exercise improves attention in healthy people, whether individuals with substance use disorder also benefit is unknown. We explored the effects of chronic exercise on behavioral and neural correlates of attentional bias in men with methamphetamine use disorder.MethodsSixty-one such men were randomized to high- or moderate-intensity exercise or to a control group with little exercise for 12 weeks. The dot-probe task assessed attentional bias before and after exercise intervention, with event-related potentials recorded during the task to determine underlying neural mechanisms.ResultsAttentional bias scores and event-related potential amplitudes significantly decreased after high- or moderate-intensity chronic exercise, but not in controls.ConclusionsChronic exercise reduces attentional bias in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder by enhancing early identification of drug-related stimuli and diverting attention to reduce conflict processing. 相似文献
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David Trafimow Gayle Hunt Stephen Rice Kasha Geels 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(2):81-93
The aim of this study was to compare the reaction times and errors of Spanish children with developmental dyslexia to the reaction times and errors of readers without dyslexia on a masked lexical decision task with identity or repetition priming. A priming paradigm was used to study the role of the lexical deficit in dyslexic children, manipulating the frequency and length of the words, with a short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA = 150 ms) and degraded stimuli. The sample consisted of 80 participants from 9 to 14 years old, divided equally into a group with a developmental dyslexia diagnosis and a control group without dyslexia. Results show that identity priming is higher in control children (133 ms) than in dyslexic children (55 ms). Thus, the “frequency” and “word length” variables are not the source or origin of this reduction in identity priming reaction times in children with developmental dyslexia compared to control children. 相似文献
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以中国传统字谜为实验材料,采用多对多的“学习-测试”二阶段实验范式和ERP记录手段,研究了原型字谜和靶字谜之间是否含有共同字词对顿悟的原型启发的影响。结果发现,在靶字谜呈现后的700ms内,正确解决有共同字词、无共同字词和基线条件字谜所诱发的脑电活动基本一致。在800-1700ms时间窗口内,有共同字词条件和无共同字词条件比基线条件诱发了一个更正的P800-1700成分,可能反映了原型启发下原型的激活和新颖联系的形成。此外,有共同字词条件和无共同字词条件诱发的波形始终趋于一致,可能表明字面上相同的字词并没有对原型启发产生影响,而原型字谜和靶字谜之间内在的语义联系才是原型启发的关键。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨抑郁症睡眠障碍早醒与事件相关电位P300的关系。 通过对22例抑郁症早醒病人、20例抑郁症非早醒病人及20例健康自愿者进行事件相关电位P300和汉密尔顿抑郁量表检测,结果发现,早醒组与对照组比较P2、N2、P3潜伏期与反应时间明显延长(P<0.05),P2、N2、P3波幅明显降低;非早醒组与对照组比较N2、P3潜伏期与反应时间明显延长(P<0.05),N2、P3波幅明显降低;早醒组与非早醒组比较P2、N2、P3潜伏期与反应时间明显延长(P<0.05),N2、P3波幅明显降低。早醒组HAMD评分明显高于非早醒组(P<0.05)。研究表明抑郁症早醒与非早醒病人均存在认知功能的损害,损害程度早醒病人比非早醒病人更为严重。 相似文献
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目前抑郁症情绪失调的研究主要关注策略的选择和应用, 但是对于情绪调节目标是否异常及其背后的电生理基础尚不清楚。情景选择是成熟的情绪反应产生之前运用的一种调节策略, 可以反映情绪调节目标。本研究要求抑郁倾向被试与控制组被试观看并选择快乐、中性和悲伤场景图片, 同时记录事件相关电位(ERP)和主观情绪偏好。结果发现, 抑郁倾向组悲伤图片的LPP波幅显著小于健康控制组, 并更多地选择再次观看悲伤图片。此外, 抑郁倾向组对于悲伤情绪的偏好显著增加, 对快乐情绪的偏好则显著降低。结果提示抑郁倾向个体对快乐刺激的趋近动机和对悲伤刺激的回避动机都降低, 从而使得抑郁倾向被试的情绪调节目标为更多地体验到悲伤。 相似文献
140.
Hinton L 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2008,53(1):91-100
In 2002 the North Pacific Institute inaugurated a new seminar series on the 'origins of depth psychology' for incoming candidate-members. This approach emphasized the historical and cultural embeddedness of analytic theory, practice and institutions. The seminar was experienced as enlightening and freeing, as well as sometimes painfully disillusioning. The overall feedback indicated that it fostered an opening of creative space for their education as analysts. This paper describes the structure, and some of the rationale and process of the seminar. It includes firsthand expressions of the candidate-members' experiences. 相似文献