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171.
In this exploratory study, we investigated whether or not people who stutter (PWS) show motor practice and learning changes similar to those of people who do not stutter (PNS). To this end, five PWS and five PNS repeated a set of non-words at two different rates (normal and fast) across three test sessions (T1, T2 on the same day and T3 on a separate day, at least 1 week apart). The results indicated that PWS and PNS may resemble each other on a number of performance variables (such as movement amplitude and duration), but they differ in terms of practice and learning on variables that relate to movement stability and strength of coordination patterns. These findings are interpreted in support of recent claims about speech motor skill limitations in PWS.
Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) define oral articulatory changes associated with motor practice and learning and their measurement; (2) summarize findings from previous studies examining motor practice and learning in PWS; and (3) discuss hypotheses that could account for the present findings that suggest PWS and PNS differ in their speech motor learning abilities. 相似文献
172.
Gary Allen 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(2):105-116
It has become almost a truism to describe the interaction between research ethics committees and researchers as being marred by distrust and conflict. The ethical conduct of researchers is increasingly a matter of institutional concern because of the degree to which non-compliance with national standards can expose the entire institution to risk. This has transformed research ethics into what some have described as a research ethics industry. In an operational sense, there is considerable focus on modifying research behaviour through a combination of education and sanctions. The assessment of whether a researcher is ‘ethical’ is too often based on whether they submit their work for review by an ethics committee. However, is such an approach making a useful contribution to the actual ethical conduct of research and the protection of the interests of participants? Does a focus on ethical review minimise institutional risk? Instead it has been suggested that ethics committees may be distorting or frustrating useful research and are promoting a culture of either mindless rule following or frustrated resistance. An alternative governance approach is required. There is a need for a strong institutional focus on promoting and supporting the reflective practice of researchers through every stage of their work. By situating research ethics within the broader framework of institutional governance, this paper suggests it is possible to establish arrangements that actually facilitate excellent and ethical research. 相似文献
173.
Ingrid Lunt 《Australian psychologist》2008,43(4):222-230
Abstract: Over the past 10 years a European standard for psychology education and training (EuroPsy) in Europe has been developed through two European Union (EU)‐funded projects. This development has been supported by political initiatives within Europe, in particular the so‐called Bologna process and the new EU Directive on qualifications, which is intended to facilitate professional mobility. The EuroPsy standard applies to professional psychologists at the initial qualification level, namely, independent practice. It requires 6 years of education and training, which include 1 year of supervised practice. The article describes these developments and some critical issues. 相似文献
174.
William Schweiker 《Dialog》2008,47(3):208-216
Abstract : This essay explores the connection between religious practices and torture with specific reference to the debate in the USA about ‘waterboarding’ as part of the so‐called War on Terror. After isolating some defining features of torture, the essay examines the historical background of waterboarding in the symbolism of Christian baptism and how this symbolism was used during the Inquisition and the Reformation as part of the torture of heretics and others. Mindful of this sordid use of a Christian rite meant to celebrate new life, the essay thereby clarifies Christian responsibility in the political order. That responsibility requires uncovering the religious roots of some forms of torture, resisting their use by the State, and, further, seeking to render current Christian practice both humane and life giving. 相似文献
175.
Dima Mohammed 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):377-393
This paper aims at creating an adequate theoretical basis for a systematic integration of institutional insights into the
pragma-dialectical analysis of argumentative exchanges that occur in institutionalised contexts. The argumentative practice
of Prime Minister’s Question Time in the British House of Commons is examined, as a case in point, in order to illustrate
how the knowledge of the characteristics of an institution, its rules and conventions can be integrated into the pragma-dialectical
analysis. The paper highlights the role that theoretical concepts and tools such as strategic manoeuvring, argumentative activity
types and dialectical profiles play in this integration.
相似文献
Dima MohammedEmail: |
176.
Michael C. Roberts Eric M. Vernberg Bridget K. Biggs Camille J. Randall Anne K. Jacobs 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(2):277-289
The Intensive Mental Health Program meets the needs for services in school systems for children with serious emotional disturbances
and for training graduate students in clinical applications with a difficult-to-serve population. We address the range of
challenges and rewards experienced in the development of the comprehensive intervention program, the continued maintenance
of program elements, and the program evaluation. 相似文献
177.
Rodger Kessler 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(1):65-72
Psychology and medicine research and practice have demonstrated substantial and unique bodies of knowledge designed to both
improve patient care and respond to contemporary health care needs for use of evidence and cost consciousness. At their full
potential they represent a significant paradigm shift in healthcare. Despite impressive successes, it is clear that we are
just on the cusp of such a change. These findings have had limited impact and penetration into medical practice, particularly
outside of academic medicine and large, organized systems of health care, and there are multiple examples of such limitations
in various arenas of health care. There also appear to be common themes to such examples which provide us opportunities to
consider how psychologists might move things ahead. They also suggest how our unique position in academic medicine can both
limit our impact and provide ways of creating continued shifts in the healthcare paradigm.
This paper is based in part on the author’s presentation at the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers 3rd
National Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 2007. 相似文献
178.
This paper describes evidence-based kernels, fundamental units of behavioral influence that appear to underlie effective prevention and treatment for children, adults, and families. A kernel is a behavior-influence procedure shown through experimental analysis to affect a specific behavior and that is indivisible in the sense that removing any of its components would render it inert. Existing evidence shows that a variety of kernels can influence behavior in context, and some evidence suggests that frequent use or sufficient use of some kernels may produce longer lasting behavioral shifts. The analysis of kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, augment existing prevention or treatment efforts, facilitate the dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to efficiently developing interventions that are more effective. Kernels involve one or more of the following mechanisms of behavior influence: reinforcement, altering antecedents, changing verbal relational responding, or changing physiological states directly. The paper describes 52 of these kernels, and details practical, theoretical, and research implications, including calling for a national database of kernels that influence human behavior. 相似文献
179.
尊重患者的知情同意权是患者和社会对医方所提出的要求,也是医方应尽的法律和伦理义务。医方应充分尊重患者的自主性,积极、有效地履行注意和告知义务,以切实保障患者知情同意权的实现。它不仅体现了医疗工作对人及其权利的尊重,也会对提高医疗质量、改善医患关系起到极其重要的作用。 相似文献
180.
郭永松 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(12)
长期以来,我国的卫生服务一直存在着不公平的状况,看病难、看病贵等问题在农村表现十分突出,一直是社会关注的焦点。对卫生服务不公平问题的讨论也已经持续很久,正因为如此,人们对新一轮的卫生体制改革寄予厚望。人们深知,实现卫生服务公平性需要从理念转变到人、财、物的支持,从构建相应的制度、机制、法规到付诸实践等多方面着手,只有这样才能实现人人享有卫生保健的目标。 相似文献