普通语言学指导下的翻译札记

外语教学中普通语言学课程的开设为学习外国语言文学专业的广大学习者垫定了语言学基础,一定程度上弥补了语言学上的知识空白。作为研究语言的基础课程,普通语言学对各门语言均有适用性,其中很多理论都会给予语言学习者颇多启发,本文将主要围绕两点：符号的任意性和语言的纵横特征,来谈谈其在翻译实践中的应用。     

How structured and unstructured sport activities aid the development of expertise in volleyball players

This study sought to analyse self-reported perceptions of how the nature of sport activities undertaken by volleyball players aided their development. Thirty highly skilled and thirty less skilled players participated in retrospective interviews to identify the nature of activities undertaken in their developmental pathways. All players reported having an early-diversified sport involvement with participation in both structured and unstructured activities. Highly skilled players differed from less skilled players by having accumulated more hours of structured sport activities, some of which were undertaken with older peers. Furthermore, highly skilled players specifically highlighted the value of their involvement in particular unstructured activities with older peers and recognized their importance for expertise achievement. These findings illustrate the importance of considering the role of unstructured (in addition to structured) sport activities in the development of expertise in volleyball. Further work is needed to verify the generality of the findings to other sports.