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141.
Christopher Cordner 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):593-609
In his later writings on ethics Foucault argues that rapport à soi – the relationship to oneself – is what gives meaning to
our commitment to ‘moral behaviour’. In the absence of rapport à soi, Foucault believes, ethical adherence collapses into
obedience to rules (‘an authoritarian structure’). I make a case, in broadly Levinasian terms, for saying that the call of
‘the other’ is fundamental to ethics. This prompts the question whether rapport à soi fashions an ethical subject who is unduly
self-concerned. Here we confront two apparently irreconcilable pictures of the source of moral demands. I describe one way
of trying to reconcile them from a Foucaultian perspective, and I note the limitations in the attempt. I also try to clear
away what I think to be a misunderstanding on Foucault’s part about what is at stake in the choice between these pictures.
To clarify my critique of Foucault, I also relate it to a similar recent critique of virtue ethics by Thomas Hurka.
相似文献
Christopher CordnerEmail: |
142.
Dana Freibach-Heifetz 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):575-591
This paper presents a philosophical reading of “The Idiot”, which perceives its main protagonist, Prince Myshkin, as a literary hero who chooses the path of generosity. The paper
exposes Dostoevsky’s generosity-ethics against the background of Christian ethics, virtue ethics, and the Nietzschean notion
of generosity; it further analyzes the problematic aspects of Myshkin’s version of generosity-ethics, and discusses several
possible explanations of its catastrophic outcomes in the novel. The paper consists of three parts. The first part presents
the rich and profound sense that Dostoevsky gives to generosity-ethics in the novel, while showing the good it may bring to
one’s life. The second part exposes the dangers and the limits of generosity-ethics, because of which the Prince may be referred
to as “an idiot”. The third and final part reevaluates generosity-ethics, discusses its relation to reason, and puts forth
another version of generosity-ethics that may overcome most of the flaws in Myshkin’s generosity. Offering such a philosophical
reading of this great literary work of art, the paper also says some things about the relation between philosophy and literature,
and aims at a fruitful dialogue between the two.
相似文献
Dana Freibach-HeifetzEmail: |
143.
Jennifer Faust 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,63(1-3):71-86
In his famous essay “The Ethics of Belief,” William K. Clifford claimed “it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.” (Clifford’s essay was originally published in Contemporary Review in 1877; it is presently in print in Madigan (1999)). One might claim that a corollary to Clifford’s Law is that it is wrong, always, everywhere, and for anyone, to withhold belief when faced with sufficient evidence. Seeming to operate on this principle, many religious philosophers—from St. Anselm to Alvin Plantinga—have claimed that non-believers are psychologically or cognitively deficient if they refuse to believe in the existence of God, when presented with evidence for His existence in the form of relevant experience or religious arguments that are prima facie unassailable. Similarly, many atheists fail to see how believers can confront the problem of evil and still assert their belief in a benevolent, omnipotent, and omniscient Creator. In this paper, I propose to explain why religious arguments so often fail to persuade (I take the term ‘religious argument’ to include arguments whose conclusions are either assertions or denials of religious claims). In doing so, I first offer an account of persuasion and then apply it to religious arguments. I go on to argue that at least some religious arguments commit a form of question-begging, which I call “begging the doxastic question.”~An argument begs the doxastic question, on my account, when a subject would find the argument persuasive only if she antecedently believes the argument’s conclusion. This form of question begging is not, strictly speaking, a case of circularity and thus, is not a fallacy; rather, it would explain why one coming to the argument would fail to be persuaded by it unless he already accepted its conclusion. This has the effect, when applied to religious argumentation, that religious arguments are rarely persuasive, which raises the further question: what good are religious arguments? I end by suggesting some non-persuasive functions of religious argument. Finally, I suggest that a full understanding of religious argumentation should give evidentialists pause, for religious beliefs look less like belief states that are sensitive to evidentiary states and more like framework principles or fundamental commitments. 相似文献
144.
This essay discusses engineering ethics in Puerto Rico by examining the impact of the Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico (CIAPR) and by outlining the constellation of problems and issues identified in workshops and retreats held with Puerto Rican engineers. Three cases developed and discussed in these workshops will help outline movements in engineering ethics beyond the compliance perspective of the CIAPR. These include the Town Z case, Copper Mining in Puerto Rico, and a hypothetical case researched by UPRM students on laptop disposal. The last section outlines four future challenges in engineering ethics pertinent to the Puerto Rican situation. 相似文献
145.
This article reports the results of an anonymous survey of researchers at a government research institution concerning their perceptions about ethical problems with journal peer review. Incompetent review was the most common ethical problem reported by the respondents, with 61.8% (SE = 3.3%) claiming to have experienced this at some point during peer review. Bias (50.5%, SE = 3.4%) was the next most common problem. About 22.7% (SE = 2.8%) of respondents said that a reviewer had required them to include unnecessary references to his/her publication(s), 17.7% (SE = 2.6%) said that comments from reviewers had included personal attacks, and 9.6% (SE = 2.0%) stated that reviewers had delayed publication to publish a paper on the same topic. Two of the most serious violations of peer review ethics, breach of confidentiality (6.8%, SE = 1.7%) and using ideas, data, or methods without permission (5%, SE = 1.5%) were perceived less often than the other problems. We recommend that other investigators follow up on our exploratory research with additional studies on the ethics of peer review. 相似文献
146.
Renee’ A. Zucchero 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):245-257
This study evaluated the integration of psychology ethics into an introductory psychology course. Students in two general
psychology sections were exposed to an infusion of psychology ethics in teaching, research, and clinical practice, whereas
students in two sections were exposed to traditional course content. Students completed a pre and post-test assessment including
a psychology ethics questionnaire and open-ended responses to three ethics case studies. Students in the ethics group displayed
a statistically significant increase in scores on both measures from pre to post-test. However, students in the traditional
group showed no improvement in scores. 相似文献
147.
University based academic Research Ethics Boards (REB) face the particularly difficult challenge of trying to achieve representation
from a variety of disciplines, methodologies and research interests. Additionally, many are currently facing another decision
– whether to have students as REB members or not. At Ryerson University, we are uniquely situated. Without a medical school
in which an awareness of the research ethics review process might be grounded, our mainly social science and humanities REB
must also educate and foster awareness of the ethics review process throughout the academic community. Our Board has had and
continues to have students as active members. While there are challenges to having students as Board members, these are clearly
outweighed by the advantages, for both the academic community and the future of ethically sound research in the social sciences
and humanities. Moreover, the challenges are often based on misconceptions and can be easily overcome through increased education
and understanding of the research ethics review process by the academic community at large. The purpose of this paper is to
describe and discuss the experiences, advantages and challenges of having students as REB members. The advantages of having
students as REB members include the following: (1) Students are the proposed participants in many of our reviewed protocols
and student members may illuminate unique issues of participation. (2) Students are active and highly engaged members of the
REB. (3) Having students on the REB enhances awareness of research ethics within the University. (4) Student REB members have
an opportunity to mentor other students and provide leadership for both undergraduate and graduate students. (5) Students
are more vigorously recruited than faculty members and often apply for student positions with enthusiasm and preparation.
(6) In creating an atmosphere of excellence in research, engaging students at the beginning of their research career will
help in creating tomorrow’s leaders in research and research ethics. The challenges of having students as REB members include
the following: (1) Faculty members may be uneasy regarding the prospect of students reviewing protocols. (2) Faculty members
may be concerned about confidentiality and respect with students reviewing faculty research protocols. (3) There may be an
increased burden for students who serve as members on an REB. (4) There is concern that students will offer less continuous
service to the REB. (5) There is a common misconception that students do not have the experience to carry out ethical reviews.
While there are challenges from faculty members and others regarding having students as REB members, these challenges are
often based on misconceptions about the nature of the REB work and the ethics review process in general. These challenges
are also often based on the misconception of the ethics review process as one of peer review and evaluation, instead of a
community-based and inclusive process. Having student members is a long-term strategy for both overcoming the misconceptions
of the REB as a “necessary evil” and for fostering an awareness of the imperative for ethically sound research in the social
sciences and humanities. 相似文献
148.
Qualitative inquiry is increasingly used to foster change in health policy and practice. Research ethics committees often misunderstand qualitative inquiry, assuming its design can be judged by criteria of quantitative science. Traditional health research uses scientific realist standards as a means-to-an-end, answering the question “So what?” to support the advancement of practice and policy. In contrast, qualitative inquiry often draws on constructivist paradigms, generating knowledge either as an end-in-itself or as a means to foster change. When reviewers inappropriately judge qualitative inquiry, it restricts the ways health phenomena can be understood. Qualitative inquiry is necessary because it enables an understanding not possible within scientific explanation. When such research illuminates, it can also shed light onto the “So what?” In order to ensure an appraisal of qualitative inquiry congruent with its paradigmatic premises, we suggest the “Illumination Test,” met when findings foster rich understanding of phenomena, resulting in a reflective “aha!” 相似文献
149.
J. Angelo Corlett 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):205-209
This paper amounts to a reply to Professor Donald G. Brown’s thoughtful comment on my “Ethical Issues in Journal Peer-Review”,
which appeared in this journal.
相似文献
J. Angelo CorlettEmail: |
150.
John G. Bruhn 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(1):17-32
Ethics failure in academia is not new, yet its prevalence, causes, and methods to prevent it remain a matter of debate. The
author’s premise is that value dissonance underlies most of the reasons ethics failure occurs. Vignettes are used to illustrate
value dissonance at the individual and institutional levels. Suggestions are offered for ways academic institutions can assume
greater responsibility as a moral agency to prevent the occurrence of ethics failure.
相似文献
John G. BruhnEmail: |