Comment accède-t-on à un mot en production verbale écrite ?

The general issue addressed in the paper concerns the access to orthographic representations in written naming in adults. The processing levels engaged in written naming are briefly described. Then, we address the issue of the role of phonological codes in accessing orthographic representations. The problem is to determine whether or not phonological codes are obligatorily involved in the access to orthographic codes. We briefly provide evidence from brain-damaged patients and from normals, which suggests that phonology plays a constraining role in accessing orthographic codes. The question of the determinants of the speed of access to orthographic representations is presented and, more precisely, the influence of age of acquisition and objective word frequency. Concerning the influence of age of acquisition, we address two issues: (1) the control for cumulative frequency and the status of classical age of acquisition measures; (2) the locus/i of age of acquisition and word frequency effects.     

Insertion des femmes dans un métier « masculin » : transfert d’acquis d’expériences et stratégies identitaires

Entering a male-dominated occupation is favorable to the study of identity strategies. Based on a research among thirty female bus drivers, this article aims to demonstrate that the transfer – in the professional sphere – of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and values acquired in other spheres and times of socialization, is an important component of such strategies. Referred to the model of an active and plural socialization (Baubion-Broye & Hajjar, 1998 ; Almudever & al, 1999) and to Dubar’s distinction (2000) of a biographical and a relational transaction, the content analysis of the female bus drivers interviews allowed : a) to emphasize the relevance of using transfer of experiences acquisitions as an indicator of biographical transaction; b) to establish the links between transfer processes and gender positioning (as an indicator of relational transaction); c) to define three types of identity strategies distinguished by their level of transfer activation.     

Clients’ perceptions of personal psychotherapy or counselling for therapists

The purpose of this study was to examine clients’ opinions of therapists’ personal use of psychotherapy or counselling. Participants in this study, a nationwide sample of clients recruited through Amazon’s MTurk system, were asked to complete an online survey assessing their attitudes towards treatment use by therapists as well as their general attitudes towards psychological help-seeking and perceptions of stigma (social and self) with psychological treatments. In this study, we found that clients generally had positive views about therapists’ personal use of psychotherapy or counselling. Although overall positive attitudes were found, the results from repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that attitudes depended somewhat on whether the therapist had sought out treatment as part of a training requirement for self-enrichment, or for the treatment of a psychological problem. In addition, participating clients were less supportive of therapists disclosing a treatment use history with their clients. Regression analyses also indicated that attitudes towards treatment use by therapists were significantly predicted by general help-seeking attitudes and perceptions of stigma (social and self), but attitudes towards disclosure were not. The findings from this study have important implications regarding therapist treatment use and disclosure in practice.     

Analysis of correlations between psychological factors and self-reported behavior of motorcyclists in Malaysia,depending on self-reported usage of different types of motorcycle facility

Segregated road lanes for motorcyclists are one of the practices implemented by the Malaysian authority to decrease the number of road crashes involving motorcycles. In this study, the motorcycle lanes are divided into three types, exclusive, inclusive, and paved shoulder. This study examined the correlations between motorcyclists’ psychological factors and their risky riding behaviors (speeding and neglecting to wear helmet), depending on self-reported usage of different types of motorcycle facilities. The psychological factors discussed in this study were: attitude, desire, perceived behavior control, moral obligation, perceived danger, fear of being caught, and perception of others’ behaviors toward the risky behaviors. Quantitative analyses, including Structural Equation Modeling, were used as the analytical tools. The results demonstrated the statistically significant relationship of exclusive road lanes’ usage on speeding behavior. However, no statistically significant correlation was found for segregated lanes’ usage on helmet wearing behavior. Psychological factors were found affecting the motorcyclists’ likelihood of performing the risky behaviors. However, these factors influence speeding and helmet wearing behavior differently. The study offers recommendations and theoretical contributions to explain the complex relationships among the uses of segregated lanes, riders’ psychological factors, and their risky behaviors.     

Thinking with,against, and beyond the Pratyabhijñā philosophy—and back again

We argue that the pratyabhijñā (recognition) system of Ka?mir ?aivism holds an inconsistent position. On the one hand, the Pratyabhijñā regards ?iva as an impersonal mechanism and the universe, including persons, as not having agency; call this the Impersonal Component. On the other hand, it considers ?iva himself as a person, and individual persons as having agency sufficient to respond to ?iva; call this the Personal Component. We maintain that the Personal Component should be affirmed and the Impersonal Component rejected. The Impersonal Component’s claim that ?iva is unaware of and unaffected by his manifestation should be rejected, and the doctrine of satkāryavāda should be modified. The universe is ?iva’s manifestation, in the first instance, but it also has a relative autonomy from him. Moreover, humans have agency and freedom. Their actions effect ?iva. He grows and develops in response to his manifestation.     

Self-efficacy dimensions and job search strategies

ObjectiveThis study explored the paths between dimensions of self-efficacy and job search strategies. An examination of social cognitive career theory and career adaptability enabled us to consider several paths between dimensions of self-efficacy and job search strategies, as well as among self-efficacy dimensions.MethodScales measuring these concepts were administered to a sample of 120 jobseekers.ResultsStructural analyses allowed us to confirm expected paths. Barrier coping efficacy is significantly related to career decision self-efficacy. Career decision self-efficacy and job search self-efficacy are related to exploratory strategy and to job search strategy.ConclusionResults are discussed with reference to the literature and in terms of practical implications. They highlight the need to implement interventions in order to increase barrier coping efficacy and career decision self-efficacy.     

‘The lesser of two evils…’ – views of persons with rheumatoid arthritis on medication adherence: a qualitative study

Objective: This study aimed to explore medication adherence among adherent and non-adherent persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A special focus was put on the reasons accounting for successful medication adherence and on potential barriers or facilitating factors.

Design: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted. Eighteen participants were recruited through stratified purposive sampling according to their medication adherence level. Interviews were analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results: Medication adherence behaviour was described on a continuum ranging from non-adherent to adherent. Participants’ current adherence level was represented as a result of inner negotiations between a variety of influential factors and the successful application of a range of strategies. The influential factors were: experiences with medication, outcome expectations, knowledge of therapeutic options, the traits ‘openness’ and ‘conscientiousness’, belief in medical progress, characteristics of the medication, level of trust in one’s physician, and perceived autonomy. Facilitating strategies were: establishing routines, using social support and the deliberate suppression of information about potential adverse events.

Conclusion: The experience of and the reasons for medication (non-)adherence from the perspective of people with RA were explored comprehensively. Participants’ ongoing negotiations between adherence and non-adherence emerged as a key finding with implications for health service providers.