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71.
Reaction times for two right-handed subjects who received 6000 trials of dichotic stop-vowels were obtained under response conditions involving the left hand, right hand, and neck muscles. Results indicated latencies were shorter (150+ msec) when targets were presented to the right rather than the left ear. Large and stable differences in latencies remained invariant with the mode of response. Reaction times did not vary as a function of the target's place or manner of articulation. The relationship between obtained measures of latency and percentage correct ruled out speed-accuracy trade-offs as a source of the obtained differences in latencies.  相似文献   
72.
The data of Welsh and Baucom (1977) have been reanalyzed using correlational analysis for the complete distributions in place of the analysis of variance of extreme groups. The analysis reveals a number of statistically significant correlations between composites of M-F scales and several measures of intelligence, but these are trival in size. Also the sign of the correlations depends directly on which M-F scales are selected to form composites. One can obtain a correlation between either masculinity and intelligence or femininity and intelligence depending on whether the supposed trait is measured from scales formed from the Adjective Check List or from a combination of the MMPI and the SVIB.  相似文献   
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This study of 597 entering college women investigated the characteristics of people they named as the primary influencers for their initial choices of major. College major was considered analogous to vocational field since the sample of students overwhelmingly gave career goals as reasons for choosing a particular major. Characteristics of these primary influencers were compared with those of a sample of individuals influencing male choices. In addition, characteristics of influencers were compared between those influencing females choosing traditional and nontraditional majors. The results indicate that most students, regardless of gender, were influenced by males, particularly fathers. However, a notable percentage of female students, especially those in traditional fields, were influenced by females. Students whose primary influencers were in fields closely related to their own vocational choices reported being more certain of their choices than students citing influencers in unrelated fields. These findings have implications for model-observer similarity, and may necessitate distinguishing between influential people who provide reinforcement for a choice of major and those who provide specific vocational modeling as well as reinforcement for that choice.  相似文献   
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76.
Assume an X-linked gene in two alleles mediates performance on field dependent-independent tests such as the rod-and-frame test. Only the recessive gene with relative frequency q facilitates field independence. Other genotypes lead to field dependence. Under a simple genetic model, field dependence-independence may be viewed as outcomes of a discrete random variable B with field independent and dependent probabilities πiq and 1 ? πiq for men, and πiq2 and 1 ? πiq2 for women, respectively. The parameter πi is a maturational ageindexed parameter, 0 < πi ≤ 1, monotonically increasing with development until maturity when πk = 1. Observations of performance are made on a random variable W of the form W = B + N, where N is normal in distribution independent of B; N represents a composite of influences including error. The model implies testable age-related between- and within-sex predictions regarding E(W) and Var(W), predictions which appear to coincide with major empirical findings; it also generates novel predictions. For instance, W is a mixture of normals distribution. The model is briefly evaluates in two data sets.  相似文献   
77.
Home observations of mother-father-infant interaction and mother-infant interaction were contrasted in middle-class families in which the mother was employed or a full-time caregiver. First-born infants and their parents were observed at 3 months. The results indicate that when mother, father, and infant were together parents in the single wage-earner families provided more tactile stimulation to their babies; fathers in single wage-earner families tended to interact more with their infants than did mothers, while in dual wage-earner families mothers tended to interact more than fathers; and fathers in single wage-earner families exceeded fathers in dual wage-earner families in interactions with their infants. By contrast, mothers in the two groups showed very little difference in their interactions with their babies. No significant differences were found for maternal behavior in the three-person observation, and a single behavior differentiated between the groups in the mother-baby observation, with homemaker mothers more often making visual contact with their babies. The implications of these findings are discussed, both with respect to further research, and with regards to the development of children of employed mothers.  相似文献   
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This study aimed to compare therapists’ observable behaviors to promote alliances with involuntary and voluntary clients during brief family therapy. The therapists’ contributions to fostering alliances were rated in sessions 1 and 4 using videotapes of 29 families who were observed in brief therapy. Using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances, trained raters searched for specific therapist behaviors that contributed to or detracted from the four alliance dimensions: engagement in the therapeutic process, an emotional connection with the therapist, safety within the therapeutic system, and a shared sense of purpose within the family. The results showed that when working with involuntary clients, therapists presented more behaviors to foster the clients’ engagement and to promote a shared sense of purpose within the family. However, in the fourth session, the therapists in both groups contributed to the alliance in similar ways. The results are discussed in terms of (a) the therapists’ alliance‐building behaviors, (b) the specificities of each client group, and (c) the implications for clinical practice, training, and research.  相似文献   
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In this article, I use the concept of atmosphere to analyse disparate sources related to the process of sacralisation of the orthodox synagogue Adass Jisroel in modern Stockholm. Using the synagogue as an entry point, I explore the affective landscapes related to its unofficially sacred places in firstly a Pietist orphanage and secondly a cinema, and how they shaped inner-communal relations. The material components of Adass Jisroel's sites elicited different emotions from different visiting bodies: its orthodox members aimed to create a space of religious continuity and communal integrity, reformed guests othered the members, while poorer orthodox Jews felt alienated. By analysing these multiple affective experiences linked to material changes of set architectural designs, I outline, for the first time, the orthodox minority's unstable position between fragility and stability in Sweden's capital from 1870 until the 1940s. On a greater scale, through this case study, I propose that the concept of atmosphere provides the field of emotional geography with conceptual muscle to both excavate silenced minority voices, and explore the role of the built environment in eliciting emotions that shape, cement, contest and transform the inner-communal hierarchal landscape that unofficially sacred places are irrevocably situated in.  相似文献   
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Parental-adolescent conflict is part of the normal developmental cycle of families, but when it occurs in a dysfunctional way, it is associated with the appearance of various harmful conditions for the family system and for the adolescent in particular. Family therapy is one of the main options for psychotherapeutic intervention in these cases and has ample evidence of its effectiveness. The success of this intervention is conditioned to the construction of an adequate therapeutic alliance with the family, but the process of this task has not been clarified yet. The present study is a task analysis, the purpose of which was to create a heuristic model of how an expanded alliance may be built in these kinds of cases. The model was revised and improved from the intensive analysis of six cases. The resulting model can be a useful guide for family therapists in that it describes the specific client and therapist behaviors involved in balancing the alliance, as well as the potential obstacles and suggested ways to resolve them.  相似文献   
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