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81.
Philosophers have long speculated that authoritarianism and belief in determinism are functionally related. To evaluate this hypothesis, we assessed whether authoritarianism and allied personality and political variables predict varieties of belief in determinism in three community samples (N1 = 566 to 20,010; N2 = 500; N3 = 419). Authoritarianism and allied variables manifested moderate to large positive correlations with both fatalistic and genetic determinism beliefs. Controlling for political conservatism did not meaningfully attenuate these relations. Further, openness was negatively related to fatalistic determinism beliefs and agreeableness was negatively related to genetic determinism beliefs. Taken together, our findings clarify the nature of relations between authoritarianism and general personality, on the one hand, and free will/determinism beliefs, on the other, and suggest intriguing intersections between worldviews and personality traits. 相似文献
82.
James A. Marcum 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(3):249-265
Today, modern Western medicine is facing a quality-of-care crisis that is undermining the patient–physician relationship.
In this paper, a notion of the epistemically virtuous clinician is proposed in terms of both the reliabilist and responsibilist
versions of virtue epistemology, in order to help address this crisis. To that end, a clinical case study from the literature
is first reconstructed. The reliabilist intellectual virtues, including the perceptual and conceptual virtues, are then discussed
and applied to the case study. Next, a similar method is employed to examine the responsibilist intellectual virtues, including
curiosity, courage, honesty, and humility, and to apply them to the case study. To round out the discussion, the love of knowledge
and both theoretical and practical wisdom are explored and applied to the case study. The paper concludes with a brief discussion
of how the notion of an epistemically virtuous clinician addresses the quality-of-care crisis, in terms of the connection
between ethical and intellectual virtues, and of the notion’s implications for medical education.
相似文献
James A. MarcumEmail: |
83.
Ernest Sosa 《Philosophical Studies》2009,142(1):5-15
Belief is considered a kind of performance, which attains one level of success if it is true (or accurate), a second level
if competent (or adroit), and a third if true because competent (or apt). Knowledge on one level (the animal level) is apt
belief. The epistemic normativity constitutive of such knowledge is thus a kind of performance normativity. A problem is posed
for this account by the fact that suspension of belief seems to fall under the same sort of epistemic normativity as does
belief itself, yet to suspend is of course precisely not to perform, certainly not with the aim of truth. The paper takes up this problem, and proposes a solution that distinguishes
levels of performance norrmativity, including a first order where execution competence is in play, and a second order where
the performer must assess the risks attendant on issuing a first-order performance. This imports a level of reflective knowledge
that ascends above the animal level.
相似文献
Ernest SosaEmail: |
84.
Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(3):395-405
The theory of belief, according to which believing that p essentially involves having as an aim or purpose to believe that p truly, has recently been criticised on the grounds that the putative aim of belief does not interact with the wider aims of believers in the ways we should expect of genuine aims. I argue that this objection to the aim theory fails. When we consider a wider range of deliberative contexts concerning beliefs, it becomes obvious that the aim of belief can interact with and be weighed against the wider aims of agents in the ways required for it to be a genuine aim. 相似文献
85.
Paul Humphreys 《Synthese》2009,169(3):615-626
Reasons are given to justify the claim that computer simulations and computational science constitute a distinctively new
set of scientific methods and that these methods introduce new issues in the philosophy of science. These issues are both
epistemological and methodological in kind. 相似文献
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87.
The paper aims at providing the multi-modal propositional logicLTK with a sound and complete axiomatisation. This logic combinestemporal and epistemic operators and focuses on m odeling thebehaviour of a set of agents operating in a system on the backgroundof a temporal framework. Time is represented as linear and discrete,whereas knowledge is modeled as an S5-like modality. A furthermodal operator intended to represent environment knowledge isadded to the system in order to achieve the expressive powersufficient to describe the piece of information available tothe agents at each moment in the flow of time. 相似文献
88.
Starting off from the infinitary system for common knowledge over multi-modal epistemic logic presented in [L. Alberucci, G. Jäger, About cut elimination for logics of common knowledge, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 133 (2005) 73–99], we apply the finite model property to “finitize” this deductive system. The result is a cut-free, sound and complete sequent calculus for common knowledge. 相似文献
89.
Automatic verification of multi-agent systems by model checking via ordered binary decision diagrams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present a methodology for the verification of multi-agent systems, whose properties are specified by means of a modal logic that includes a temporal, an epistemic, and a modal operator to reason about correct behaviour of agents. The verification technique relies on model checking via ordered binary decision diagrams. We present an implementation and report on experimental results for two scenarios: the bit transmission problem with faults and the protocol of the dining cryptographers. 相似文献
90.
The paper studies first order extensions of classical systems of modal logic (see (Chellas, 1980, part III)). We focus on the role of the Barcan formulas. It is shown that these formulas correspond to fundamental properties of neighborhood frames. The results have interesting applications in epistemic logic. In particular we suggest that the proposed models can be used in order to study monadic operators of probability (Kyburg, 1990) and likelihood (Halpern-Rabin, 1987). 相似文献